


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 


Chap.ir.„:i€opyright No., 


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
























Number 25 


DANIEL DEFOE 


EDITED FOR YOUNG READERS, WITH AN INTRODUCTION 
FOR TEACHERS BY 

EDWARD R. SHAW 


UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 

NEW YORK: 43-47 E. Tenth Street 

BOSTON: 352 Washington Street 

NEW ORLEANS: 7 14 and 716 Canal Street 


Single Numbers, I 2Hc. Double Numbers, 20c. Yearly Subscription, $1.75 


Vubliihed mouthlr. Entered u eecond-elui mntUr nt tbe Poet OSoe »t New Teik, N. T., Dee. 38,1886 






Maury’s New Elementary Geography. 


Maury’s Revised Manual of Geography. 
Maury’s New Physical Geography. 


These books were not compiled from encyclopedias, but are 


the liv 
Maury, 
Su peril 
of the 
Geogra' 
mony v 


The 


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 


Chap.,..— ..r Copyright No. 

Shelf. 


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 


Matthew F. 

Navy ; first 
y ; discoverer 
the Physical 
r kept ia har* 


ithraetic 


Venahie’s New Elementary Arithmetic. 
Venable’s New Practical Arithmetic. 


These books, only recently published, embody all that is 
best in modern methods. Their characteristic is their teaching 
power. An able educator writes of them : 


“ The singular teaching power of the examples as displayed 
in the skillful grading of each group not only into * oral ’ and 
‘ written,^ but in the groups within the groups, each subordinate 
group serving as a sort of drill table for clearing and fixing 
some phase of the thinking and work, — it is just in this all 
important point, skillful teaching by examples ,'— the books 
seem to me to excel.'’ 


UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

NEW YORK and NEW ORLEANS. 



STANDARD LITERATURE SERIES 


ROBINSON CRUSOE 



DANIEL DEFOE 

•I 


EDITED FOR YOUNG READERS 


WITH AN INTRODUCTION FOR TEACHERS BY 

EDWARD R. SHAW, Ph.D. 

DEAN OF THE SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 


¥■ 


C 

UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 

NEW YORK, BOSTON AND NEW ORLEANS 



Copyright, 1897 , by 

UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 


1891 


Press of J. J. Little & Co. 
Astor Place, New York 




INTRODUCTION. 




The educational value of our English classic, “Robinson Crusoe,” 
was discovered for us by German educators. The employment 
of this narrative in German schools for other ends than those it 
would subserve when regarded merely as a literary production and 
the ideas and interests developed through its study have led to its 
employment in American schools. It has formed an addition of 
great worth to our course of study, and must be regarded as one 
of the commendable factors towards its enrichment. 

Sufficient test has already been made with the story of “Robinson 
Crusoe ” to place it in the third school year. It is at this period of 
the pupil’s development that the story will yield him, I believe, the 
greatest good. Some educators would present the story orally in 
the second school year, and put the printed form into the pupil’s 
hands in the third year. Such a method of treatment, it will be 
readily seen, is determined by the aim which the educator has in 
view. In this particular, I am inclined to hold the opinion that the 
freshness and interest of the story ought not to be anticipated by 
oral presentation in the second school year. 

The interest that children manifest in this story may not be 
denied. Those qualities which, in the main, have rendered the 
narrative so fascinating to older readers since its publication nearly 
two hundred years ago, are also the qualities which appeal to young 
readers and elicit their interest. Robinson Crusoe, an ordinary 
young man, with no gifts to distinguish him above the rank and file 
of his fellows, yields to the impulse which thousands of young men 
of every generation have felt to see something beyond their native 
horizon, to go out and try the great world. Disregarding the 


4 


INTRODUCTION. 


advice of parents and taking all into his own hands, young Crusoe 
sets forth. Hardships and evil fortunes come upon him, and at 
last he is cast away upon an uninhabited island — a situation which, 
from its very novelty, begets in the reader surprise and conjecture. 
In this situation the hero, with that power common to all men, sets 
to work to retrieve, as far as he can, his misfortunes and to adapt 
himself to new and unknown conditions — conditions that rouse the 
reader’s imagination to picture those with which man contended in 
more primitive times. 

It becomes a question, then, as to what this interest on the part of 
pupils may be made to yield towards their mental development and 
equipment. 

Ill the first place, the absorbing interest in the adventures and 
makeshifts of the hero stimulates the pupil to progress in acquiring 
the power to read. Technique is, in this case, mastered because of 
the inviting content. It is well to remember that the pupil learns 
to read by reading, and that he will not read much that is uninviting. 

In this edition extreme care has been exercised to introduce new 
words very gradually in the first part of the book and to provide for 
much repetition after their incorporation into the narrative, thus 
obviating, to as great an extent as possible, the necessity for formal 
drill upon them as mere words. 

In the latter part of the book new words have been introduced 
somewhat more rapidly, the pupil’s advancement at this stage making 
this not only permissible, but advisable. 

In the next place, after each chapter has been read, the pupil should 
be led to give back its substance in oral form. In doing this he is 
gaining power to grasp large thought-wholes as wholes and to set 
these forth in such words as he can command. This exercise gives 
the pupil one kind of training of great value — a kind, moreover, 
which receives too little attention in American schools. 

Another form of the presentation of these thought-wholes is their 
written reproduction. Here large opportunity is afforded to give 
the pupil practice in spelling, the use of capitals, and the more obvi- 
ous requirements of punctuation. While, however, these formal 


INTRODUCTION. 


5 


ends are subserved, a more important result inures to the pupil in 
the perception he gains from the reproduction in writing into the 
sequence and connection of sentences to comprise a thought-whole. 
A word of caution might be inserted here to the effect that it is 
best not to lay too much stress upon the errors made. Attention 
should be called to these in a general way, but not to such a degree 
as to render them unduly prominent in the pupil’s mind and thereby 
hinder freedom of written expression. With proper guidance and 
continued practice in written reproduction, pupils will gradually 
work out of their errors and inaccuracies. 

In the last place, and what must by no means be regarded as un- 
important, is the discussion with the pupils, as the reading progresses, 
of the many economic and social topics suggested by the narrative. 
In this respect the story of “ Robinson Crusoe ” is especially rich 
and fruitful. 

To this end, the teacher should call out the thought of the class 
and then supplement this with her own on such topics as — 1. The 
dependence of man upon Nature. 2. The dependence of man upon 
his fellows, leading directly to a consideration, in a simple manner, 
of the division of labor in society. 3. Crusoe’s longing for com- 
panionship, calling forth an appreciation of the notion that man is a 
social being. 4. The responsibility of man towards others of his 
fellows, introduced by the finding of Friday and the care of him. 5. 
Crusoe’s religious nature, his recognition of God, his submission to 
that higher Power, and the solace and spiritual aid these afford him 
in bearing the hardships and loneliness which fell upon him. 

The discussion of these topics and others plainly suggested in the 
narrative, opens the pupil’s mind to an apprehension of certain ideas 
of economic, social, and spiritual significance, and creates in his 
mind centres of interest that will render him better able to appre- 
ciate the institutional life in which he lives and which is his heritage 
out of a long and mighty past. 

University Heights, 

New York City, August, 1897. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

I. Kobinsok’s First Shipwreck ... 7 

II. Eobiksok Two Years a Slave . . 10 

III. Kobihson's Second Shipwreck . . 13 

IV. Eobinson Makes a Eaft .... 16 

V. Eobinson Alone on the Island . . 22 

VI. Eobinson Builds a House ... 27 

VII. Eobinson Makes a Calendar ... 30 

VIII. Eobinson's Loneliness . . . .32 

IX. Furnishing the House .... 34 

X. An Earthquake 35 

XL Eobinson Sick 37 

XII. Eobinson's Country House ... 39 

XIII. Eobinson^s Journey to the Other Side 

OF THE Island 42 

XIV. GtRinding Corn and Making Bread . 44 

XV. Eobinson Makes a Boat .... 47 

XVI. Eobinson Makes His Own Clothes . 50 

XVII. Eobinson and His Family at Dinner . 52 

XVIII. The Footmark in the Sand ... 55 

XIX. Eobinson Guards His Castle and Flock 59 

XX. Eobinson Sees a Heart-Sickening Sight 61 

XXI. Eobinson Finds a Beautiful Cave . 63 

XXII. Eobinson Sees Savages on the Shore . 65 

XXIII. A Vessel is Wrecked on the Island . 67 

XXIV. Eobinson's Dream 71 

XXV. Eobinson Has a Companion at Last . 72 

XXVI. Eobinson Xames the Savage Friday . 77 

XXVII. Friday Learns to Work .... 80 

XXVIII. Friday Becomes a Christian ... 82 

XXIX. Friday Tells About His Own Country 84 

XXX. Eobinson and Friday Make a New Boat 87 

XXXI. Eobinson and Friday Save a Spaniard's 

Life 90 

XXXII. Friday's Father and the Spaniard . 94 

XXXIII. A Ship and Its Crew Come to the Island 99 

XXXIV. Eobinson Helps the Captain . . . 103 

XXXV. Eobinson Goes Home to England . 109 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


CHAPTER I. 

Robinson’s first shipwreck. 

I WAS born at York in the year 1632. My father 
was a merchant. 1 had two brothers. One of them 
went to war and was killed in a battle. The other 
left home, and we never heard of him again. As I 
was the only child my parents then had, they 
wished me to stay with them, and they said they 
would do everything they could to make me happy. 

But I did not like living at home. My head was 
filled with thoughts of rambling, and nothing would 
do for me but going to sea. My father, when he 
heard of this, felt it very much, so he talked to me 
a great deal about it. He told me that if I would 
stay with him he would do well by me, and that I 
should have an easy and a happy life, but that if I 
would go away in spite of the advice and wish of 
my parents, God would not bless me. Some evil, 
he said, would happen to me where there would be 
no one to help me, and I would be sorry when too late. 


8 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


I was mucli touched by my father’s words, so I 
made up my mind to think no more of going to sea. 
But very soon I again began to have thoughts of 
rambling, and being now eighteen years of age, I 
made up my mind to run away from home. One 
day happening to be at Hull, a seaport town not 
far from York, I met a friend who was going to 
London in a ship belonging to his father. He asked 
me to go with him, telling me that it would cost me 
nothing, and he pressed me so hard that at last I 
said I would go. 

We went on board the same day and set sail for 
London. But our ship was only a little way out 
of the harbor when a great storm came on, which 
made the waves rise mountain high. As I had 
never been at sea before, I was dreadfully sick 
and much frightened, I thought that every wave 
would swallow us up. 

I now began to think upon what I had done. I 
thought of the advice my father had given me, and 
how I had gone away from home without telling 
him. I felt that the storm was sent upon me from 
Heaven for thus leaving my parents. In my great 
fear I said many times that if God would spare my 
life on this voyage, I would go straight home to my 
father as soon as I set foot on dry land, and never 
go on a ship again. 


ROBINSON’S FIRST SHIPWRECK. 


9 


I had these wise thoughts as long as the storm 
lasted. But next day the wind ceased blowing and 
the sea became calm. The sun shone out bright, 
and his beams falling upon the water, made a sight 
which I thought the finest I had ever seen. I slept 
well that night, for I was no longer sea-sick. My 
fears too had left me, and I forgot what, during the 
storm, I had said I would do. 

But soon another storm came on. The sixth day 
of our being at sea we came into Yarmouth Boads. 
Here the wind began to blow much harder than 
before, so that even the sailors were frightened. I 
could hear the captain, as he w^ent in and out of 
the cabin, say to himself several times : Lord, be 
merciful to us! we shall all be lost.” 

As for myself I lay in the cabin quite stupid 
with sickness and fear. But the worst was yet to 
come. In the middle of the night one of the sailors 
cried out that there was four feet of water in the 
hold. Then all hands were called to the pump. 
At that word my heart, as I thought, died within 
me, and I fell back on the bed near which I had 
been sitting in the cabin. But the sailors roused 
me, and said that I was as well able to pump as 
any one else. Then I went to the pump and 
worked very hard. 

While we were pumping out the water, the cap- 


10 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


tain liad one of the men fire a gun for luck. The 
firing was heard by the people on a ship not far 
^head of ns, and they sent a boat to help us. We 
had great trouble in getting into the boat, as the 
sea was so rough. We were not much more than 
a quarter of an hour out of our ship when we saw 
her sink. Then I knew for the first time what 
was meant by a ship’s going down at sea. I 
could hardly look up when the sailors told me she 
was sinking, for I was almost dead with fright. 

The men worked hard at the oars to bring the 
boat to land, and we saw a great many people run- 
ning along the beach to help us when we should 
come near. Soon afterwards we got safe on shore. 
Then we walked to Yarmouth. Here we were 
treated very kindly. Some of the merchants and 
shipowners of the town gave us money enough to 
pay our way to London or back to Hull. 


CHAPTER H. 

ROBINSON TWO YEARS A SLAVE. 

If I had now had the good sense to go home to 
my parents, I should have been happy, but I was 
still bent on rambling, and as I had money in my 
pocket, I went to London. There I went on board 


ROBINSON TWO YEARS A SLAVE. 


11 


a vessel bound to the coast of Africa on a trading 
voyage. The captain was very kind to me. He 
taught me how to steer a ship at sea and many 
other things a sailor ought to know. 

But our voyage was the most unhappy one man 
ever made. For as we were sailing towards the 
Canary Islands we were set upon by a pirate or 
robber ship belonging to the Moors, on the north- 
west coast of Africa. We did our best to defend 
ourselves, but the pirates were too strong for us. 
So they took our ship and carried us all off to Sal- 
lee, the place in Africa in which they lived. 

This was a sad chaDge for me. I now thought 
with sorrow of what my father had said, that if I 
did not take his advice some evil would happen to 
me where I would have no one to help me. But 
much worse was yet to come, as will be seen later 
on in my story. 

The captain of the robber ship kept me as his 
slave, and I lived with him for two years. But he 
did not treat me so badly as I had feared. He 
often went fishing in a boat along the coast, and he 
always took me and a small boy named Xury with 
him. Once he sent us out by ourselves. This was 
the very thing I had long wished for. I had never 
given up hope of being some day able to get away, 
and now the chance had come at last. 


12 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


The fishing boat was a good-sized one, with sails 
and a small cabin. Before starting I put in some 
food and water. Then Xury and I set sail. We 
steered straight out to sea until we lost sight of 
land. I now told Xury that I did not mean to go 
back to Sallee, for I had made up my mind to be no 
longer a slave. I also told him I would be good to 
him and take care of him if he would help me. He 
said he would do so, and that he was willing to go 
with me all over the world. 

I then turned our little vessel to the southeast. 
As the wind was fair and the sea smooth, we made 
such good sail that by three o’clock in the after- 
noon of the next day I was sure we were more than 
a hundred miles from Sallee, and far beyond the 
reach of my late master. But so great was my fear 
of again falling into his hands that I would not stop 
until we had sailed on in the same way for five 
days. 

We were now in sight of land, but I was afraid 
to go ashore, not knowing what country it was or 
what sort of people lived there. Giving the helm 
to Xury, I went into the cabin and sat down to 
think what I ought to do, when all on a sudden the 
boy cried out, “Master! master! a ship! a ship!” 
I rushed from the cabin and found him almost out 
of his senses with fright. He thought it was a ship 


ROBINSON’S SECOND SHIPWRECK. 


13 


sent from Sallee by bis old master to catch us. But 
I soon saw that it was a European vessel, and I 
waved a flag for help. The people on the ship see- 
ing the flag, waited for us to come up to them. 
They wondered very much when I told them my 
story, and the captain took me and Xury on board 
his vessel. 


CHAPTER III. 

Robinson’s second shipwreck. 

I CANNOT tell how happy I was to be at last out 
of danger of being again taken by the pirates. The 
captain was very kind to us. He told me he would 
carry us without charge to Brazil, where he was 
then going. He wished to buy Xury, but I did not 
like to sell the poor boy who had helped me in 
gaining my freedom. However, as Xury himself 
was willing, I let the captain have him. He said he 
w^ould treat him well and set him free in a few 
years. He also bought the boat and all that I had 
in it. 

We arrived safe in Brazil after a voyage of twen- 
ty-two days. I soon learned that the planters in 
that country lived well and became rich, so I made 
up my mind to be a planter. With the money that 
the captain had given me for my boat and the other 


14 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


things, I bought some land and began to raise sugar 
and tobacco. 

I was now in a fair way of doing well, but I was 
not yet content. My mind was still as full of 
thoughts of travel as before I had left my father’s 
house. One day some planters who were neigh- 
bors of mine came to me and told me they were 
fitting out a ship to send to Africa for slaves. They 
asked me to go as clerk to the captain, telling me I 
should have a share of the slaves to pay me for 
going. I gladly agreed, and so the ship was got 
ready. In an evil hour for myself I went on board, 
the 1st of September, 1659, the very day on which, 
eight years before, I had left my father and mother 
in spite of their good advice. 

We set sail on the same day. Our ship carried 
eleven men, besides the captain, his boy, and my- 
self. In about twelve days we passed the equator, 
and then a storm came on which took us quite out 
of our course, so that we did not know where we 
were. It blew so hard that for many days we 
could do nothing but drift away before the wind 
and the high weaves. None of us had any hope 
of saving our lives. Two of our men and the boy 
were washed overboard and drowned. 

Early one morning there was a cry of Land ! ” 
We all rushed from the cabin to look out, but just 


ROBINSON’S SECOND SHIPWRECK. 


15 


then the ship struck upon a sand-bank and the sea 
broke over her in such a way that we thought we 
were about to be buried in the deep. One of our 
two boats was broken by dashing against the ship’s 
rudder. The mate laid hold of the other, and 
with the help of the rest of the men got her over 
the side of the vessel. Then we all jumped into 
her and let her go. We were now in the wild sea, 
and though we had no hope we worked hard at the 
oars. We prayed to God, and pulled as well as we 
could towards the land. But when we had rowed 
about three miles, a huge wave, mountain high, 
came rolling behind us. It struck us with such 
force that it upset the boat at once and threw us 
all into the sea. 

I cannot tell how I felt when I sank into the 
water. Though I swam very well, I could not free 
myself from the waves so as to draw my breath, 
till I was driven a long way in on the shore. I 
then got on my feet and ran towards the land 
as fast as I could. But soon I was overtaken by 
another wave as high as a hill, and then another 
which dashed me against a rock so that it left 
me almost senseless. However, a little of my 
strength came again, and I held on to the rock till 
the w^ave went back. Then I took another run. 
This time I got to the mainland, where I climbed 


16 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


up the cliffs of the shore, and sat down upon the 
grass, free from danger, and quite out of the reach 
of the water. 


CHAPTER IV. 

ROBINSON MAKES A RAFT. 

I WAS now landed and safe on shore. The first 
thing I did was to raise my eyes to Heaven and 
give thanks to God for His mercy to me. I alone 
was saved. My mates were all drowned. I never 
saw them afterwards, or any sign of them except 
three hats, one cap, and two shoes. 

When I had rested myself a little, I walked about 
on the shore to see what kind of a place I was in, 
and what was next to be done. I was in a very 
wretched state. 1 was wet all over ; I had no 
change of clothes, nothing to eat or drink, and I 
began to fear that I must die of hunger or be eaten 
by wild beasts. I had no gun to kill any animal 
for my food, or to defend myself against any animal 
that might come at me. I had nothing about me 
but a knife, a tobacco-pipe, and a little tobacco in a 
box. This was all I had, and the thought of it put 
me in such a state of mind that for a while I ran 
about like a madman. 

But it soon began to get dark, and I had to think 


ROBINSON MAKES A RAFT. 


17 


where I was to pass the night. I could not lie on 
the ground for fear of wild animals, so the only 
thing left for me to do was to get up into a thick 
tree which I saw near me. But before doing this I 
went to search for water, as I was very thirsty. To 
my great joy I found some, and after taking a good 
drink, I climbed into the tree, where I fixed myself 
so that if I slept I should not fall down. I also 
cut olf a branch, and made out of it a short, thick 
stick to defend myself with, if I should need to do 
so. In a few minutes I fell fast asleep, for I was 
very tired. 

When I awoke it was broad daylight. The storm 
was now over, and the sea was smooth. Looking 
out upon the water, I saw that the ship had been 
lifted otf the sand-bank, and driven almost as far as 
the rock against which I had been dashed. She 
seemed to be standing upright, and not more than a 
mile from the place where I was. 

I now came down from my tree and began to 
look about me again. The first thing I saw was the 
boat, which the sea had tossed up on the shore, 
nearly two miles to the right of me. I started off 
to walk to it, but I found a neck or inlet of water, 
about half a mile broad, between me and where the 
boat was. I then came back, and began to think of 
trying to reach the ship. This I was able to do 
2 


18 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


about midday, when the tide was out . so far that I 
could walk to within a short distance of the wreck. 
I pulled off my clothes, went down to the water 
edge, and swam up to the vessel. I caught hold of 
a rope which I saw hanging down her side, and 
climbed to the deck. 

The first thing I did was to search for food. I 
was very glad to find that the ship’s store of food 
had not been wet, and I took a handful of biscuit 
and began to eat. While eating I looked about in 
search of other things, for there was no time to lose, 
as I had to get ashore before the coming in of the 
tide. 

I soon found a number of things which I knew 
would be of use to me, but how was I to carry 
them from the ship ? I could think of no way ex- 
cept a raft, and so I set about to make one. There 
were several large spars of wood on the deck. I 
flung as many of them overboard as I could handle, 
taking care to tie each with a rope so that it might 
not drift away on the water. 

When this was done I went down the ship’s side, 
and pulling the spars towards me, I fastened four 
of them together at both ends by means of ropes. 
I then laid other spars on them crosswise. My raft 
was now made, and I could walk upon it ; but it 
would not bear a very heavy weight, for the pieces 


ROBINSON MAKES A RAFT. 


19 


of wood were too light, so I set to work again. 
With a carpenter’s saw which I found in the ship, I 
cut a mast into three parts and laid these down and 
fastened them over the cross-spars. This made the 
raft strong enough. 

The next thing to do was to load my raft. I 
first laid upon it all the planks and boards I could 
find. Then I made haste to get as much as I was 
able of the things I should most want. I emptied 
three of the seamen’s chests, and lowered them down 
upon the raft. Into them I put bread, rice, three 
Dutch cheeses, five pieces of goat’s flesh and the 
remains of some corn in a bag which had been laid 
by for fowl we had brought to sea with us. There 
had been a little barley and wheat together, but 
I afterwards found that the rats had eaten or 
spoiled it. 

While I was packing the chests I noticed that 
the tide was coming in, and I saw that my coat, 
shirt, and vest, which I had left on shore, had been 
swept away. This put me in mind to look for 
clothes on the ship, and I found some, but I took 
only what I needed just then, for there were other 
things I wanted to get, which I knew would be of 
great use to me. After a long search I found the 
carpenter’s chest of tools. This was of more value 
to me than a shipload of gold would have been at 


20 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 



LOADING RAFT FROM WRECK. 


that time. I also got two guns, two pistols, and a 
pair of old swords. I knew there were three bar- 
rels of gunpowder in the ship, and I searched until 
I found them. 


ROBINSON MAKES A RAFT. 


21 


After putting all these things upon my raft, I 
began to think how I should get it to the land. I 
had neither sails nor oars, and a gust of wind might 
upset my little store into, the water. But the sea 
was calm, the tide was setting in to the shore, and 
a gentle breeze was blowing that way. All this 
was in my favor. I had the good luck also to find 
two or three broken oars belonging to one of the 
boats, and two saws, an ax, and a hammer. 

I now started off with my cargo. The raft went 
very well, only that it drifted a little one side from 
where I had landed before. I then saw that the 
tide set towards that place, and I hoped to find 
there some creek or river, up which I might get 
to land with my goods. It turned out to be as I 
had hoped. When I came near the shore I saw an 
opening in the land, like the mouth of a river, which 
it really was. I guided my raft into it as well as I 
could, trying to keep in the middle of the stream. 

Here I came very near losing my cargo, for one 
end of the raft ran upon a shoal of sand, and the 
other end being in the water, it sloped so that all 
my things would have slipped off, had I not quickly 
set my back against the chests to keep them in their 
places. I had to remain in that way until the tide 
rose higher, and floated my raft off the shoal. 

Then I moved up the stream and soon came to a 


22 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


little cove on the right-hand shore. Here I saw a 
flat piece of ground which I knew the tide would, in 
a little while, flow over. When this piece of ground 
was covered with water about a foot deep, I thrust 
the raft in, and fastened it by sticking the two 
broken oars into the earth, one at one end and one 
at the other. Then I waited till the tide went out, 
and so I had my raft and cargo safe at last on dry 
land. 


CHAPTER V. 

ROBINSON ALONE ON THE ISLAND. 

My next work was to And a safe place to store 
my goods, and to fix upon some spot for myself to 
live in. I did not yet know where I was, whether 
the country was an island or a continent, or whether 
there were people in it or not. There was a high 
hill not far off, and I thought that if I should climb 
to the top of it, I might see better what kind of a 
place I was in. So I took a gun and a pistol and 
some powder, and set off for the hill. 

When I reached the top and gazed all around, I 
found to my great grief that I was on an island. 
On every side I saw the ocean spread out before 
me, and there was no land in sight, except some 


ROBINSON ALONE ON THE ISLAND. 


23 


rocks a long way off, and two small islands wkick 
lay about ten miles away to tbe west. 

I saw no houses nor any signs of men or women 
being in the place, so I supposed, as indeed I after- 
wards found to be the case, that I myself was the 
only person on the island. I was glad to think that 
there were no wild beasts, for I could see none. 
But there were plenty of birds of many different 
kinds. As I was coming back from the hill I shot 
at a large bird that was sitting on a tree at the side 
of a wood. I believe it was the first gunshot that 
had been heard there since the beginning of the 
world. The moment I fired, great numbers of 
birds flew up from all parts of the wood, screaming 
and crying, but not one of them was of any kind 
that I had ever seen before. I also saw two or 
three animals like hares running out of the wood. 
The bird that I killed was like a hawk, except that 
it had no sharp claws. Its flesh was not fit to eat. 

I now came back to my raft and began to carry 
off my goods. This took me the rest of the day. 
Towards evening I made a hut for myself with the 
chests and boards, and here I slept that night. 

Next morning I thought of the ship again, and 
made up my mind to get as much out of her as I 
could, for I knew that the first storm that came 
would break her all in pieces, and sweep everything 


24 


ROBINSON CRUSOE.. 


belonging to lier far beyond my reach. I swam out 
as before and made another raft. Then I gathered 
up as many things as I thought it would carry. In 
the carpenter’s store I found three bags of nails and 
spikes, a great screw-jack, several hatchets and a 
grindstone. In another part of the wreck I got 
seven or eight guns, two barrels of bullets, some 
more powder, and a large bag of shot. I also took 
all the clothes I could find, and the sails and bed- 
ding, among which was a hammock. I put all these 
things on my raft and got them safe ashore. 

When I came back to my hut I saw a creature 
like a wildcat sitting on one of the chests. I went 
towards her and she ran off a little distance. Then 
she stood still, and looked full in my face, as if she 
wished to make friends with me. I pointed my 
gun at her, but she did not stir, for, I suppose, 
she had never seen any one with a gun before, and 
did not know what it meant. I threw her a piece 
of biscuit and she went up to it and smelled of it 
Then she ate it and looked for more. But I had no 
more to spare, so she marched away. 

I now went to work to make a tent with the sails 
and some poles that I cut for the purpose. When 
it was finished I put into it everything that I knew 
would be spoiled by being left out in the rain or 
sun. Then I piled all the empty chests and barrels 


ROBINSON ALONE ON THE ISLAND. 


25 


in a circle round the tent to make it strong, and 
closed up the door with boards. When I had done 
this I spread one of the beds upon the ground and 
went to bed for the first time on my island. I 
slept well until morning, for after my hard day’s 
work I was very tired. 

In the morning I swam to the ship again. I 
thought I ought to get out of her all that I could, 
so every day I went aboard and brought off some- 
thing. I took away all the ropes and twine and 
sails and canvas that I could find. One day, to my 
great joy, I found a large hogshead of bread, three 
casks of rum, a box of sugar, and a barrel of fiour. 
Then I began to cut up the great cable of the ship 
into pieces so that I could easily move them, and to 
take out all the bits of iron that I could. But 
the raft on which I carried these things upset just 
at the entrance to the little cove, and threw me 
and my cargo into the water. No great harm was 
done, however, for as I was near the shore, I soon 
reached dry land, and when the tide was out I 
got most of the pieces of cable and some of the 
iron. 

I now had been thirteen days on the island and 
had brought away from the ship all that one pair 
of hands could bring. If the weather had remained 
calm, I believe I would have carried off the whole 


26 


EOBINSON CRUSOE. 


vessel piece by piece. Tbe last time I went out, the 
wind began to rise and I bad to make baste to get 
back. Just before I left tbe skip I found a box 
in tbe cabin in wbicb were two or three razors, 
a pair of large scissors, a dozen knives and forks 
and about two hundred dollars in gold and silver 
coin. 

I smiled at tbe sight of this money. “ Ob drug ! ” 
said I aloud, what art thou good for ? Thou art 
of no use to me. One of these knives is of more 
value than thou. Remain where thou art and go 
to tbe bottom of tbe sea as a thing not worth sav- 
ing.” However, I thought I might as well take it 
with me, so I wrapped the coins up in a piece of 
cloth, and began to think of making another raft. 
But while I was getting ready to do this I saw that 
a storm was coming, and that it blew from the land. 
As I could not move a raft against the wind, there 
was nothing for me now to do but to swim ashore 
with all I could carry. I reached my little tent in 
safety and lay down to sleep with all my goods 
all about me. 

It blew very hard all night, and in the morning, 
when I looked out, behold ! no ship was to be seen. 
I was a little troubled at this, still I felt glad in 
thinking that I had made the most of my time 
while the ship was within reach. I had taken 


ROBINSON BUILDS A HOUSE. 


27 


• everything I could out of her, and there was noth- 
ing left that I was able to bring away even if I 
had had more time. 


CHAPTER VI. 

ROBINSON BUILDS A HOUSE. 

I NOW began to think about fixing on a good spot 
where I might build some kind of a house to live 
in. After looking around for a while, I found a 
little bit of plain or level ground at the foot of a 
hill. The front of this hill, facing the plain, was as 
steep as a wall, so that nothing could come down 
upon me from the top. On the side of the hill, or 
rock, there was a hollow place worn a little way in, 
like the mouth to a cave. Here, I said, I will make 
my house. The plain was about a hundred yards 
broad and two hundred yards wide. It looked 
towards the sea and was well sheltered from the 
heat of the sun, for it was on the northwest side 
of the hill. 

The first thing I did was to draw a half circle, 
ten yards wide, round in front of the hollow place 
in the rock. Into this space I carried all my goods, 
after which I set about to build a tent. I made it 
double, so that I had one tent within another, and 


28 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


I covered the outside tent with a large sailcloth. 
Then I fixed up a hammock in my new house 
to sleep in, which was better than lying on the 
ground. 

I now began to dig into the 
hollow place behind my tent 
to make more room for my 
goods. In doing this I was at 
a great loss for want of proper 
tools. I had no pickax, 
or spade, or wheelbarrow 



LOCATION OF HOUSE. 


to carry away the earth and stones. For a pickax I 
had to use one of the iron crowbars I got out of the 
ship, which did very well for the purpose. I could 
have made a wheelbarrow, all except the wheel, but 
I had not the least thought of how to go about this, 
so I had to give up the idea. For taking away the 
earth I made a thing like a hod that laborers use 


ROBINSON BUILDS A HOUSE. 


29 


for carrying mortar and bricks. In one of my ram- 
bles I found a tree of tke kind wkick in Brazil is 
called the irontree, because the wood of it is very 
bard. I made a shovel out of a piece of this wood. 
It took me a great while to chip it and pare it into 
the right shape, and it did not last veiy long, hav- 
ing no iron upon it. 

At length my cave was finished, as I thought, but 
one day a large mass of earth fell suddenly down 
from the top and one of the sides. By good luck I 
was not in it at the time. If I had been I might 
have been killed. To prevent the earth from falling 
again I propped up the roof with strong posts, and 
above them I put boards for a ceiling. 

I next set to work to make a wall round my tent. 
In the half circle I had first marked out I fixed two 
rows of strong stakes, driving them into the ground 
until they stood very firm. The stakes were about 
five feet high, and sharp at the top, and the two 
rows were about six inches apart. Then I took the 
pieces of cable which I had cut in the ship, and laid 
them in rows one upon another between the rows of 
the stakes up to the top. I also made a bank of 
earth two feet high up against the stakes on the in- 
side, and a wall of sods two feet thick up to the top 
,on the outside. 

When I had finished my wall, it was so strong 


30 


ROBINSON CRUSOE- 


that neither man nor beast could get in. I left no 
place for a door because I did not wish to have one. 
I got in and out by a short ladder, which I lifted 
up after me whenever I went in. But some time 
afterwards I made a back door to my house. This 
I did by digging through the side of my cave on the 
right, until I had made an opening into the plain on 
the outside of my wall. I also made a roof over my 
tent, of poles or rafters, which I laid across from the 
top of the sod wall to the side of the rock, and I 
covered it with leaves and boughs of trees like thatch. 
This kept out the rain, which often fell very heavy. 

All these things took me a very long time to do. 
It was nearly a whole year before I had finished my 
fence or paling. The stakes had to be cut and 
dressed in the woods and then carried to the little 
plain on the hillside. This was very hard and slow 
work. Sometimes I spent two days in cutting and 
bringing home one stake, and another day in driv- 
ing it into the ground. 


CHAPTER VII. 

ROBINSON MAKES A CALENDAR. 

While busy with other things I did not forget 
about keeping count of time. I thought of this when 


ROBINSON MAKES A CALENDAR. 


31 


I had been about ten or twelve days on the island. 
I had then no books or pens or ink, but I saw that 
without marking the days in some way, I should 
soon not be able to know one day from another. 
After thinking a while I fixed upon a plan. I got a 
long post and nailed a thick board crossways upon 
it near the top. Upon this board I cut the follow- 
ing words in capital letters with my knife * 

I CAME ON SHORE HERE 
ON THE 

30th of SEPTEMBER, 1659 

Then I set the 
cross upright and 
fixed it firmly in the 
ground on the spot 
where I first landed. 

I had made the post 
square on the sides, 
and on one of the sides I 
cut a notch every day. 

On the seventh day I cut 
a notch twice the length 
for Sunday, and a notch 
twice that length again 
on every first day of a 



CALENDAR. 


32 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


month. This was my calendar, and I kept it fairly 
well, except that after a time I failed to make the 
notch long on Sunday, and so I then could not tell 
that day from any other. 

But soon after I put up my calendar post I found 
plenty of paper, pens, and ink in one of the parcels 
I had taken from the ship. I also found three 
Bibles, two or three prayer-books, and several other 
books. I took great care of all these things, and as 
long as the ink lasted I wrote a daily account of 
nearly everything I did and everything that hap- 
pened to me. This«is how I began my account : 

Se'ptember 30, 1659. I, poor miserable Bobinson 
Crusoe, being shipwrecked during a dreadful storm, 
came on shore on this unfortunate island, which I 
called the ^Island of Despair,’ all the rest of the 
ship’s company being drowned, and I almost dead.” 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Robinson’s loneliness. 

I WAS now fixed in my house, and I was much 
better off than I had expected to be when I was 
cast ashore after the shipwreck. But I could not 
help often thinking over my lonely lot. I was cut 
off from all the world, without hope of ever seeing 
friends or perhaps any human being again. Then 


ROBINSON’S LONLINESS. 


33 


tears would start to my eyes and run down my 
cheeks, and I would wonder why God had allowed 
me to be made so unhappy, that I could hardly be 
thankful for such a life. 

But something always came into my mind to 
check me for thinking so. It is true I was cast on 
a lonely island, but my life was spared ; I was not 
drowned, as all my mates were. I was away from 
all the rest of mankind, but I was saved from death, 
and He who had saved me could bring me back to 
my friends. I had no one to speak to or help me, 
but there were no wild beasts or savage men to kill 
or hurt me. What would have become of me if I 
had been left in the state in which I was when I 
was cast upon the shore, without food, without 
clothes, without shelter ? AVhat would have been 
my case if the ship had not been driven so near the 
shore, or if the second storm had come on before I 
had had time to get so many things out of the 
wreck to supply my wants ? 

I talked to myself in this way when I felt lonely 
or unhappy, and so all my sad thoughts ended in 
thanks to God for His mercy and goodness to me. 
I also began to be content with my lot, and I gave 
up looking out to sea in hope of spying a coming 
ship, as I used to do every day for a good while 

after being cast upon the island. • 

3 


34 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


CHAPTEE IX. 

FURNISHINO THE HOUSE. 

During the time I was building my house I now 
and then did something to make it comfortable in- 
side. I made a table and a chair with the boards 
I got on the ship. I also fixed up some shelves in 
my cave to put my things on, and keep them in an 
orderly way, so that I might know Avhere to find 
anything when I needed it. 

It was not easy for me to make those shelves, for 
I was not used to the work, and I had not the right 
tools to make boards in the proper way. When I 
wanted a board, I had to cut down a tree and chip 
it on both sides with my ax till I had it as thin as 
I wished it to be. Then I made it as smooth as I 
could with my adz, one of the tools I found in the 
ship carpenter’s chest. This was a very slow way 
of making boards, and very wasteful, for I could 
make only one out of a whole tree. However, I 
had plenty of time and plenty of trees. 

At first I was at a great loss for want of light at 
night. I had no lamp or candles, and as there was 
no pleasure in sitting in the dark, I went to bed 
shortly after sunset. But I soon thought of the 
goat’s fat, and I put some of it in a clay dish which 


AN EARTHQUAKE. 


35 


I baked in the sun, and with a wick of hemp, got 
from old ropes belonging to the ship, it made a very 
good lamp. 

In searching among my things one day, I came 
upon the corn bag in which barley and some other 
grain was kept for feeding our chickens at sea. As 
I wanted the bag and there seemed to be nothing 
left in it but husks and dust, I shook the stuff out 
of it on one side of my wall under the rock. This 
was just before a heavy fall of rain, and in about 
a month afterwards I noticed small green blades 
shooting up where I had shaken the bag. In a 
little while longer I saw ten or twelve ears of 
barley and stalks of rice. Later on, when they 
became ripe, I carefully saved them for seed, hop- 
ing in time to have corn to make bread of. And 
at the proper season I sowed my seed and had a 
small crop, which I again saved and sowed. It 
was not until the fourth year that I touched a 
grain of it to eat. 

CHAPTER X. 

AN EARTHQUAKE. 

The day after my wall was finished a frightful 
thing happened. As I was busy inside the wall, a 


36 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


quantity of earth fell down from the roof of my 
cave and from the rock over my head. I hurried 
out in great fear, and I saw at once that it was an 
earthquake, for the ground shook beneath me. I 
saw also that the sea was in great motion. Then 
there came another shock and then another, the 
earth shaking and swaying dreadfully. 

I was filled with fear, and sat down upon the 
ground, not knowing what to do. Every moment 
I feared that the hill would fall upon my tent and 
bury me and all my things beneath it. The air 
now began to get dark, and soon after the wind 
rose, and in about half an hour it blew so hard that 
trees were torn up by the roots. This lasted for 
about three hours, and then it got calm, but rain 
began to fall heavily. 

It rained all that night and next day. I now 
thought it would not be safe for me to live any 
longer in the cave and that I must fix my tent in 
some better j)lace. But I lost courage when I began 
to think of the time and labor it would take with- 
out proper tools. The few tools I had were not as 
good as when I first came on the island. They were 
now blunt and notched with all the chipping and 
cutting I had done. I had a grindstone, but I could 
not turn it and grind my tools at the same time, for 
I should have to use both my hands in holding a 


ROBINSON SICK. 


37 


tool to the stone. At length, however, after a great 
deal of thinking and labor, I made a wheel with a 
string fixed to it, by means of which I was able to 
turn the stone with my foot. I then spent two days 
sharpening my tools, and I found that my wheel 
and string worked very well. 


CHAPTER XL 

ROBINSON SICK. 

It rained so hard one day that I had to stay in 
my tent, and in the evening I felt a chill all over 
me. Next morning I was sick, and before night I 
became much worse. I had a severe headache, and 
I could get no sleep. A fit of shivering would come 
upon me, and then a cold fit with sweating. This 
lasted for seven hours. But though I was very ill 
and weak I had to go out with my gun to find some- 
thing to eat. I killed a goat and had hard work to 
carry it home. Next day I was not able to leave 
my bed. I ate nothing and I was nearly dead with 
thirst, but I had not strength enough to stand up to 
get water. I lay on my bed, not knowing what was 
to become of me, and often crying out, Lord, look 
upon me. Lord, pity me.” At last I fell asleep and 
did not wake till morning. 


38 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


After a while I felt somewhat better. Then I got 
up and went out with my gun, but being still weak, 
I did not go far. I sat down upon the ground, look- 
ing out upon the water, and as I sat, thoughts like 
these began to- come into my mind : 

What is the earth and what is the sea ? Who 
made them ? What am I and what are all the 
other creatures in the world ? Who made us ? 
Surely we are all made by some great Power. 
What is that Power? It is certainly God. 
Then if He has made all these things. He 
guides and takes care of them. And nothing 
can be without His knowledge. He knows then 
that I am here, and it is by His will that all 
these evils have come upon me. 

Then I thought — Why has God done this to me ? 
What have I done to be thus used ? 

But quickly a voice, as if within me, seemed to 
answer: “Dost thou ask what thou hast done? 
Look back upon thy life so ill-spent, and ask why 
thou wert not punished long ago ? — why thou wert 
not killed by the Moors ? Ask why thou wert not 
drowned with all the rest of the ship’s crew ? ” 

With such thoughts in my mind, I rose up and 
went back to my tent. Before going to bed I took 
out one of my Bibles. I had not looked into the 
Holy Book for many years before, and, as if God 


ROBINSON’S COUNTRY HOUSE. 


39 


were guidiug me at that moment, the first words 
that caught my eyes when I opened it were these ; 

Call upon Me in the day of trouble and I will help thee.’^ 

These words were very fitting to my case, and I 
thought much upon them then and afterwards. Be- 
fore I lay down to sleep, I prayed earnestly to God 
to fulfil the promise to me that if I called upon 
Him in my trouble. He would save me. I believe I 
must have slept all through the next day and night, 
for I since found that I missed one notch on my 
calendar post. However, I was very much the bet- 
ter for my sound sleep. In the morning I took my 
Bible again, and every day I read a portion of it, 
morning and evening. 


CHAPTER XH. 
kobinson’s country house. 

In about twelve months after the time I was cast 
ashore my house was finished, and it was as strong 
and safe as I could make it. I now thought I 
would go to see other parts of the island where I 
had not yet been, and so I set out for a journey into 
the country. I first went up by the little creek, 
and when I had gone a few miles I found that it 


40 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


was no more than a little brook of running water. 
On its banks were beautiful meadows covered with 
fine grass. Above these meadows I saw a great 
deal of the tobacco plant, which grew there to a 
large size. I also saw many aloe plants and sugar- 
canes. 

Further on I came to higher ground, partly cov- 
ered with woods. Here there were fruit-trees and 
plants of different kinds. I did not know the names 
of many of them, but I found melons and limes and 
grapes in great plenty. The grapes were now ripe, 
and they hung in large clusters from the vines 
which had spread over* the trees. I gathered a 
quantity and left them to dry in the sun. After- 
wards I did the same every season, so that I always 
had a supply of dried grapes, or raisins, and they 
were very pleasant and good to eat. 

I did not go back to my house that night, for the 
weather was warm and I wished to go farther into 
the island. I slept in a tree, and next morning I 
travelled on about four miles in a northerly direc- 
tion, with hills in front of me, until I came to an 
opening where the land sloped off towards the west. 
Here I found a spring of water on the side of a hill, 
and the valley below was so green and fresh and 
beautiful that it looked like a planted garden. I 
saw a great many cocoa trees, also orange and lemon 


ROBINSON'S COUNTRY HOUSE. 


41 


and citron trees. But they were all wild and few 
of them had fruit, at least not at that time. How- 
ever, I found some green limes which were very 
pleasant to eat, and the juice of them, mixed with 
water, made a very cooling drink. 

I thought this would be a good place to live in, 
and for some time I had it in my mind to build a 
house and move all my things there. But I soon 
saw that it would not be a wise thing to do. I still 
had hope that some day a ship would come by the 
island, so that I might have a chance of getting 
away. But the valley was not in view of the sea, 
and if I lived there, a ship might pass and I might 
not see it, so I lived on in my cave at the shore. 

However, I often went to the beautiful valley, and 
I built a sort of tent or bower in it with a high fence 
around it, and a ladder to go in and out. The fence 
was made of stakes or slips of willow which I cut 
in the woods. I was well pleased on finding that 
they soon took root and threw out branches, and in 
a season or two I had a nice hedge round my bower. 
In this pleasant spot, in the midst of trees and fruits 
and flowers, I sometimes spent two or three days 
and nights together, so that I now had my country 
house and my seaside house. 

On very wet days I remained within doors, and I 
always found plenty to do in putting things in or- 


42 


KOBINSON CRUSOE. 


der, and in making sucli things as I needed and was 
able to make with the tools I bad. When I was a 
boy at home I often spent much of my time in a 
basket-maker’s shop in the town where my father 
lived, and from watching the men at work I soon 
saw very well how it was done. All that I now 
needed, therefore, in order to make baskets, was the 
proper kind of rods or twigs, and one day I thought 
of the willow hedge around my bower. So I went 
to my country house and cut a great many twigs 
and set them to dry, and I found that they did quite 
well. Then I had new work at home for rainy days. 
I made a great many baskets which were very useful 
for holding and carrying things in. 


CHAPTER XIII. 

R0BI]S’S0]S’’S JOURNEY TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE 
ISLAND. 

Some time after building my country house I be- 
gan to have a wish to see more of the island, so I 
set out again, taking with me my dog and gun and 
hatchet and much more powder than usual, with a 
great bunch of raisins for food on the way. I passed 
near the valley where my bower' stood, and in a 
little while came in view of the sea on the west. 


ROBINSON’S JOURNEY ACROSS THE ISLAND. 43 


This was right across the island from the side on 
which I lived. The sky was very clear, and look- 
ing out upon the ocean, straight before me, I could 
see land at a distance, as it seemed, of about fifty or 
sixty miles. I did not know what it was, but I 
thought it must be South America. 

I found the side of the island where I now was 
much pleasanter than my own. There were fine 
woods and beautiful fields full of grass and flowers. 
I saw a great many parrots, and after a good deal of 
trouble I caught a young one, which I brought 
home. It was a long time before I could make it 
speak, but at last it learned to call me by my name 
very well. 

In this journey on the west side I saw a great 
many hares and foxes as well as goats. There 
were also large numbers of pigeons. They did 
not build their nests in trees, but in the holes of 
rocks. I afterwards caught some young ones, and 
tried to breed them up tame, but when they grev/ 
older they all flew away. 

I walked along the coast for about twelve miles 
towards the east, and set up a tall pole on the beach 
for a mark. The shore here was covered with tur- 
tles, and there were a great many penguins and 
other seabirds of different kinds which I. had not 
seen before. On my way home my dog caught a 


44 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


young kid, and I ran up and saved it alive. 1 
brought it to my bower, which was not far off, and 
leaving it in a yard there, returned to my seaside 
house. 

I had been absent for some days, and I was very 
glad to get home again. I rested from hard work 
for nearly a week, during which time I made a cage 
for Poll, who soon began to be very friendly with 
me. Then I thought of the kid and I went to fetch 
it home. When I reached my bower I found the 
poor thing almost starved, for it could not get out. 
After I fed it, it followed me home like a dog, and 
from that time it became one of my family. 

But afterwards I caught and tamed two or three 
goats, and soon there were young ones. Then I 
fenced in a small park for my stock, and before 
very long my flock numbered twenty or thirty, so 
that I had plenty of milk, as well as goat’s flesh, 
whenever I wanted it. 


CHAPTEB XIV. 

GRINDING CORN AND BAKING BREAD. 

It was more than three years before I had a good 
crop of corn. The flrst year the seed did not grow 
very well, for I had not sown it in the proper sea- 


GRINDING CORN AND BAKING BREAD. 


45 


son. There were two dry seasons and two rainy 
seasons in the island, and when I came to know 
about them, I found I could have two harvests 
every year. March and April, and September and 
October were the rainy months. The other months 
were dry and warm. I dug a piece of ground for a 
cornfield, and made a fence about it with stakes 
that grew into a hedge, as at my country house. 
This kept out the wild goats and hares, which be- 
fore had done much harm to my crops. But when 
the fence was up I found that I had to do some- 
thing to save my corn from the birds. I shot many 
of them ; still they came in great numbers, and I 
began to fear that they would ruin all my harvest. 
Then I tried a plan which worked well. I took three 
dead birds, which I had shot, and hung them up in 
the field to scare the others. After this no bird came 
near my corn so long as the dead ones hung there. 

The sowing of my corn was very hard work. 
Having no plow or spade to turn up the earth, I 
had to do it with my wooden shovel, which took 
me a very long time. For a harrow, or rake, I 
had to use a heavy bough of a tree, which I dragged 
over the surface of the soil, after I had scattered 
my seed. When my corn was ripe I had to cut it 
down, as well as I could, with a sickle made out of 
one of the old swords I found in the ship. 


46 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


But the greatest trouble I had was in grinding 
my corn. I had no mill, nor tools to cut and dress 
stones to grind with, even though I had known how 
to do such work. The only thing I could think of 
was to get a great block of hard wood, and to scoop 
out a round hole on one side of it. Into this hole 
I put some of my corn, and pounded it with a thick 
piece of wood which I had made round at one end. 
I now had meal, but how was I to sift it to take 
away the husks dr chaff ? It was a long time before 
I could think of any way of doing this. At last I 
remembered that among the clothes I took out of 
the ship, there were some pieces of thin calico, or 
muslin, which the men had used for neckties. I 
fastened two or three of these together and shook 
my meal through it, and I found that the plan 
worked very well. 

The next thing was to bake my bread. I had to 
do without yeast, for I knew no way of making any. 
But I had to have an oven of some kind, so I set 
to thinking how to supply this want. There was 
plenty of clay on the island very lit for making tiles 
and vessels, and I made up my mind to try if I could 
do it. This took a long time and a great deal of 
labor. After digging the clay and kneading it into 
a paste, I shaped it into vessels as well as I could. 
I made some of them square and about two feet long 


ROBINSON MAKES A BOAT. 


47 


and nine inches deep. I also made large square tiles. 
The vessels I made first were very ugly, ill-formed 
things, and I had to try many times before I got 
them into a shape to please me. Then I left them 
to dry in the sun. The next thing was to burn them 
in a large fire, so as to make them hard and strong 
enough for use. 

All this took me many days, but at length, to my 
great joy, I found that I had a vessel in which I 
could boil my meat and make broth. And I after- 
wards made all the vessels I needed — ^pots, dishes, 
pitchers, and other things. With the square tiles I 
made a floor or paving, on which I baked my bread 
after heating the fioor with a strong fire. When I 
had set my dough in loaves upon the tiles, I placed 
the square vessels down upon them so as to cover 
them, and then drew the fire round about my vessels, 
or ovens, as I might call them. Thus I baked my 
loaves. In a little time I made cakes and puddings 
of my rice, of which I also raised a good quantity. 


CHAPTER XV. 

ROBINSON MAKES A BOAT. 

After I had seen the land in the distance, from 
the other side of my island, I often wished that I 


48 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


could get to that place. I thought there might be 
people on it, and that if I were there, I might see 
some vessel which would take me to America or to 
England. But how was I to get there ? I thought 
of the ship’s boat that had been thrown up on the 
shore by the storm, so I went to look at it. It lay 
almost where it did at first, but the force of the 
wind and waves had turned it bottom upwards. If 
I could have launched it into water I believe it 
would have carried me to Brazil. All my strength 
was not enough, however, to do this, though I tried 
hard and for a long time. 

At last I gave it up, and then it came into my 
mind that I could make a boat or canoe out of the 
trunk of a tree, so I soon set about the work. I fixed 
upon a large cedar tree, and it took me twenty days 
to cut it down. The trunk of it was six feet thick 
and twenty-two feet long. I spent a month chip- 
ping and shaping it outside in the form of a boat, 
and three months in cutting and working the inside 
of it. When this was done it was a very good boat, 
and large enough to carry more than twenty men. 

But all my time and labor were spent in vain, 
for I could not get it to the water. It lay about a 
hundred yards from the creek, and it was so big 
and heavy that I was not able to stir it. I now 
saw how foolish it is to begin any work without 


ROBINSON MAKES A BOAT. 


49 


being quite sure one can finish it. Still I was bent 
on having a boat that I could use, so I cut down 
another tree and made a light canoe, which I was able 
easily to move. Then I dug a canal or trench from the 
creek to where it lay, and launched it into the water. 

My vessel was now afloat, but it was too small for 
a long sea voyage, so I had to give up the thought 
of trying to reach the land that I could see from 
the hilltops on the east. The canoe was of some 
service to me, however. I fitted it up with a mast 
and sail, and had many pleasant trips in it along the 
coast of my little kingdom, as I might call it, for 
I was indeed king and lord of the whole island, 
though I had no one to rule over except my dog 
and cats and goats and my pretty Poll. 

I taught Poll to repeat my name and say a few 
other words, and she was the only talking compan- 
ion I had for many years. Once, after coming ashore 
from a long trip in my canoe, during which I nearly 
lost my life, for I went out too far, I walked to my 
bower, or country house, and crossing the fence, I 
lay down in the shade to rest my limbs, for I was 
very tired. In a few moments I fell asleep, but you 
may fancy my surprise when I was wakened by a 
voice crying out, Robin Crusoe ! Poor Robin Cru- 
soe ! Where have you been ? How came you here, 
poor Robin Crusoe ? ” 

4 


50 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


I started up in great fear. I could not think for 
the moment who or what it could be, but as soon 
as my eyes were wide open I saw my pretty Poll 
sitting on the top of the hedge. Then I knew that 
it was she that had spoken, for I had taught her 
those words myself, and she would often perch on 
my thumb, and, with her bill close to my face, would 
cry, Where have you been ? How came you here, 
poor Pobin Crusoe ? ” I did not know how the bird 
had got to my bower, for I had left her at my house 
on the other side of the island. But she seemed 
glad to see me again, and I carried her with me 
home, as I always called my seaside house. 


CHAPTEK XVI. 

ROBINSON MAKES HIS OWN CLOTHES. 

When I had been four years on the island, which 
was at the time I had finished the first boat, my 
clothes were almost all worn out, and so I had to 
think about making some. I had nothing to make 
them of except the skins of the animals I had killed. 
These I had saved up, after drying them in the sun, 
and I now found them very useful. I made a hat 
and coat and breeches and leggings, all of goatskin, 
with the hair outside. 


ROBINSON MAKES HIS OWN CLOTHES. 


51 


Dressed in tliis suit, I looked a very strange figure 
when I went to hunt or to take a ramble through 
my island. My hat was a very high one, and it had 



a fiap hanging down behind to keep the rain from 
running into my neck. My coat had skirts reaching 
to' the middle of my thighs, and my breeches, or 
short trousers, were open at the knees for coolness, 


52 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


the weather being sometimes very hot. As for 
shoes and stockings, I had none, but my leggings 
served me very well instead. I had a belt of goat- 
skin round my waist, in which on one side hung my 
saw, and on the other a hatchet. I had also a belt 
over my shoulder, and at the end of it, under my 
left arm, were fastened two goatskin bags con- 
taining powder and shot. On my back I carried 
a basket, and on my shoulder my gun. 

I must not forget to mention my umbrella, which 
was of very great use to me in shading me from the 
sun as well as keeping off the rain. It took me a 
great deal of time and labor to make this umbrella. 
I spoiled two or three before I made one that I 
could use. The chief trouble I had was to make it 
so that I could let it down. But at last I did this, 
and whenever I went out I carried my goatskin 
umbrella under my arm. 


CHAPTEK XVII. 

ROBINSON AND HIS FAMILY AT DINNER. 

I HAD now most things that I wanted except 
friends of my own kind, and this I had at that time 
no hope of ever having again. Still I had a great 
deal to make me happy and thankful to God. 


ROBINSON AND HIS FAMILY AT DINNER. 


53 


I must not forget to state tliat there were two 
cats and a dog in the ship. I found the three alive 
wlien I first went to the wreck, and I carried the 



MY LITTLE FAMILY. 


cats ashore with me. The dog swam ashore him- 
self after me. 

It would have made one smile to see me and my 
little family sit down to dinner. My dog always 
sat on the floor close to my chair, and my two cats, 
one on each side of the table, kept gazing at me, 


54 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


expecting now and tlien a bit from my own hand. 
My pretty Poll was there too, the only one with 
whom I could have a friendly talk. 

For my meals I always had plenty of things that 
were good and pleasant to eat. I had soup when I 
wished for it, and flesh, roast or boiled, and bread 
and milk. I also had butter and cheese, which, after 
a great deal of trouble, I got to be able to make 
very well, and for dessert I had raisins and rice 
pudding. 

My table was well supplied, and I never began to 
eat without thanking God for His mercy and good- 
ness to me. I felt how much reason I had to be 
thankful and content. How much better olf was I 
than I could have hoped when I was cast ashore from 
the wreck ! At that time it seemed as if I could 
do nothing but lie down and die of hunger, but 
God had sent me everything that I really needed. 
He had sent me the means to get food and clothing 
and shelter for myself. He had spread for me a 
good table in a far-away island, where one might 
think man could not live. 

I had therefore great reason to be thankful to 
God, and I learned to take pleasure in the things I 
had, instead of feeling unhappy about what I had 
not. And so I came to think that many people are 
unhappy because they do not try to enjoy what God 


THE FOOTMARK IN THE SAND. 


55 


has given them, but are always wishing for things 
He has not given them, and which, if they only 
thought rightly upon it, they would find they did 
not really need. 


CHAPTER XVHL 

THE FOOTMARK IN THE SAND. 

Thus I lived on my island for several years with- 
out anything very wonderful happening to me. I 
sowed and reaped my corn, and took care of my 
stock, and went boating, and made baskets and 
other useful things within doors in wet weather, 
and so I spent my time. I often passed days to- 
gether at my country house, for it was here I raised 
and dried my grapes, and had my goat park. 
Whenever I went for a sail I also visited my 
bower, as it was about half way between my cave 
at the seaside and the little creek towards the 
northern part of the island where I kept my boat. 

But now I come to tell of a thing that fright- 
ened me very much. One day during my fifteenth 
year in the island, as I was going towards my boat, 
I was startled at beholding on the sand the print of 
a man’s naked foot. I felt as if I had seen a ghost. 
I listened and looked around, but could not see or 


56 


ROBINSON CRUSOE, 


hear anything. I went to the top of a hill that was 
close by, and gazed on every side, but saw nobody. 



Then I hastened back to the spot to look again, 
thinking that I might have been mistaken. But 


THE FOOTMARK IN THE SAND. 


57 


there it was — a man’s footmark — toes, heel and 
every part exact. ' 

What did it mean ? How did it come there ? 1 

could not think how, but I hurried home to my 
cave in great fear, often looking , behind me, and 
thinking that every stump of a tree at a distance 
was a man. When I came to my castle, for so I 
now called it, I fled into it as if a wild beast were 
at my heels. 

I slept none that night, my mind was so filled 
with dread. Somebody had surely been on the 
island. I was thankful that I was not on the shore 
at the time. Perhaps more than one had come. 
Perhaps it was some of the savages from the main- 
land, across from my island, who had gone out to 
sea in their canoes, and they might come again and 
kill me. And if they did not find me, they might 
find out my house and destroy all my corn and 
carry off my goats. 

I thought often afterwards how strange the na- 
ture of man is. To-day we love what to-morrow we 
hate. To-day we seek what to-morrow we shun. 
To-day we wish to have what to-morrow we fear. 
So it was shown in me at this time. For during all 
those fifteen years, my only grief was that I was cast 
off from the whole human family, and often I felt 
that to see one of my own kind would be the great- 


58 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


est blessing that Heaven could bestow upon me. ! j 
Yet now I was ready to sink into the earth with 
fear, at the bare idea of a man having set foot on 
the island. 

For three days I remained in my castle, my mind 
filled with thoughts of being found and killed by 
the savages. One morning, when I took up my Bi- 
ble, the first words I saw on opening it were, Wait ; 
on the Lord ; be of good courage, and He shall ’ 

strengthen thy heart.” These words gave me new J 
heart, and I took courage to go out again. I began ! 
to feel the want of food, for I had nothing in the | 
house but cakes and water. I knew too that my 
goats needed to be milked, so I set off for my coun- 
try house. On the way I often looked behind, fear- 
ing that some one might be following me, but after 
I had gone to my bower and back two or three days 
I got to be less afraid. 

Still I could not forget about the mark in the 
sand, and I now began to think it might be the ' 
print of my own foot. Strange I had not thought 
of this before ! So I went to the place again, and 
measured the mark, but I found it was much larger 
than my own foot. I was now more afraid than 
ever, and I hurried back to my castle, feeling cer- 
tain that people had been on the island, and think- 
ing they might come upon me at any moment. ■ 


ROBINSON GUARDS HIS CASTLE AND FLOCK. 59 


CHAPTER XIX. 

ROBINSON GUARDS HIS CASTLE AND FLOCK. 

I WAS now sorry I liad a back door to my cave 
and that it was on the outside of my wall, for I 
thought if any of the savages came and found my 
house, they could get in by this door. I then saw I 
must have another wall. Some years before I had 
planted a double row of trees round in front of my 
fence. These trees were so close to one another that 
all I had now to do was to drive a few stakes be- 
tween them, and my new wall would soon be made. 
I strengthened this new wall or fence with blocks 
of wood and old cables, and I had seven holes in it 
for seven guns. Then I made it ten feet thick by 
piling earth up against it on the inside. This earth 
I dug at the back of my cave, and carried out in 
baskets. I set the guns in the holes, fitting them 
into frames which held them tightly, and I could 
fire all the seven guns in two minutes. 

Thus I built my fort. When it was finished I 
planted the space all around in front of it with 
trees, and in a few years I had a wood about my 
castle so thick that no person would ever think any 
one lived there. I had no path through it nor door 


60 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


or gate to the wall. I got in and out from the rock 
at the back by two ladders. One reached from a 
ledge of the rock to the top of the outer wall, and 
the other from that to the ground. When I took 
away the ladders, as I always did after going in or 
out, no man could come down into my castle with- 
out great danger to himself. 

I had now to think of my goats. What if the 
savages should come and carry them off ? It would 
be a very great loss to me. I might shoot a wild 
goat when I wanted flesh meat, but without the 
tame ones 1 could have ho milk or butter or cheese. 
The plan I thought of was to make two or three 
small yards or parks at a distance from one another, 
and put into each a few of my best young goats. 
Then, if anything happened to my flock at the bower, 
I should still have some left. So I searched through 
the woods and soon found bits of land such as I 
wanted. After strongly fencing these plots I put 
some of my goats into each of them, and I now felt 
that my castle and my stock were as safe , as they 
could be made. 

About this time my dog died, at which I was 
much grieved. He had been a faithful friend and 
companion to me for sixteen years, and then died of 
old age. But I still had my pretty Poll and cats 
more than I wanted. 


ROBINSON SEES A HEART-SICKENING SIGHT. 61 


CHAPTEE XX. 

ROBINSON SEES A HEART-SICKENING SIGHT. 

About two years after I liad seen the footmark 
in the sand, I was rambling one day on the west 
point of the island. I had gone to the top of a hill 
farther out than I had been before, when I saw 
something like a boat upon the sea at a great dis- 
tance off. I gazed at it for a long time, but could 
not make out -whether it was really a boat or not. 
Then I came down the hill to the shore, and there a 
shocking sight met my eyes. The bones of men lay 
scattered over the sand. I grew sick at heart and 
almost fell down in a faint. When I had come to 
myself a little, I saw the marks of a fire with a ring 
around the spot, as if some persons had been sitting 
there at a feast. 

I was now quite sure that the savages sometimes 
came to the island. However, as it seemed that they 
came no farther than the shore, I was not so much 
frightened as when I saw the footmark. But I took 
great care to do nothing that would make a noise 
which they might hear. For two years I never once 
fired my gun, though I always had it with me when 
I went out. I would not drive a nail or chop wood, 
and I baked my bread during the night so that no 


62 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


smoke miglit be seen in the daytime. But I after- 
wards found a way of having a fire without smoke. 
I burned wood under sods, as I had seen done in 
England, until it became charcoal. Then I put the 
fire out. This charcoal burned well and gave good 
heat without making any smoke. 

Every morning for some time I went to the top of 
the hill about three miles from my castle to look 
out for boats. I took with me my glass, which I 
had found in one of the seamen’s chests on the 
wreck. With this I could see things at a great 
distance off, but I saw no boats or savages, though 
I kept watch on the hill a while every day for three 
months. 

I did not forget my own little boat, which was in 
the creek on the west side of the island. Fearing 
the savages might find it, I took it away to the east 
side — the side on which my castle was — and ran it 
into a small cove under some high rocks, where I 
knew nobody would be likely to come. 

After this for a good while I spent most of my 
time within doors. I seldom went out except to 
milk my goats and get wood for making charcoal. 


ROBINSON FINDS A BEAUTIFUL CAVE. 


63 


CHAPTER XXL 

ROBINSON FINDS A BEAUTIFUL CAVE. 

One day when I was in the woods cutting branches 
to make charcoal, I saw a hollow space at the back 
of some thick bushes. I went to look at it, and 
going into the opening, I found that it was high 
enough for me to stand up in. But I quickly got 
out of the place, for on peering in I saw two broad, 
shining eyes which twinkled like two stars. I was 
very much frightened, still I would not go away 
without finding out what the thing was, so I set fire 
to a branch of a tree and rushed in with it in my 
hand. I had not gone three steps, when I was al- 
most as much frightened as before, for I heard a 
loud sigh like that of a person in pain, and then a 
sound as if some one had spoken, and then another 
sigh. I stepped back in great fear. 

After a little while, I took courage and went in 
again, holding the lighted stick over my head. 
Then I found that the thing that frightened me 
so much was a large goat. He was lyiug on the 
ground breathing hard and dying of old age. I 
stirred him a little to see if I could get him out, and 
he tried to stand up, but was not able. So I let 
him lie there, and I thought with myself that if any 


64 : 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


of the savages should come to the cave while he 
had life in him, he would frighten them as much 
as he frightened me. 

I then began to look round the place, and I saw 
that the cave was a very small one. There was an 
opening or passage at the end of it, which was so 
low that I could not get in except on my hands and 
knees. 1 did not try to do this, as I had not light 
enough, but I came the next day with candles, for I 
now made good ones of goats’ lard. I then crept 
into the passage, and crawled along on my hands 
and feet about ten yards, until I found myself in a 
cave nearly twenty feet high. When I stood up 
and the light of my two candles fell upon the sides 
and roof of this cave, it seemed as if a thousand 
lights were around me. It was the most delightful 
place I had ever seen on the island. The walls shone 
like glittering stars. What was in the rock to make 
it shine so, I did not know, but I thought it was 
gold or precious stones. 

I was very glad that I had found this cave. The 
floor was dry and level, and there was no dampness 
on the walls. I thought it would be the best place 
to hide from the savages if ever they found out my 
two houses. The old goat died the same day, and I 
dug a big hole and buried him. Then I brought 
to the cave some of my guns and pistols and powder 


ROBINSON SEES SAVAGES ON THE SHORE. 


65 


and shot, as they were the things I most wished 
to save. I left five guns in the wall at my castle, 
and stored the rest in the cave, except one that I 
carried about with me. 


CHAPTER XXII. 

ROBINSON SEES SAVAGES ON THE SHORE. 

At the time I found the cave, I had been twenty- 
three years on the island, and I was so used to the 
place that I would have been content to remain in 
it all my life, if I were quite sure no savages would 
come to disturb me. Though I was alone, I made 
my spare time pass very pleasantly. I had my 
pretty Poll to speak to, and two more parrots which 
talked very well and would call Robin Crusoe,” 
but not like the first, for I had taken more pains in 
teaching her than the others. Then I had always 
about me two or three kids, which I taught to feed 
out of my hand, and I had some tame sea-birds that 
I caught upon the shore. 

With these I amused myself in the evenings after 
my day’s work of sowing or reaping my corn and 
attending to my goat parks. And so I would have 
been very content with my life only for fear of the 
savages. One morning very early, just after I got 
5 


66 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


out of my castle to go to my cornfield, I was 
startled at seeing a light as of fire upon the shore. 
To my great terror, it was on my side of the island, 
and, as I thought, not more than two miles off. I 
hastened back to my house, where I remained for 
some hours thinking what I ought to do. But I 
could not sit any longer without knowing the 
cause of the fire. So, taking my glass, I went out, 
and going up to the top of the hill, I lay down 
with my face to the ground and looked towards the 
shore. 

Then for the first time I saw the savages. There 
were nine of them sitting round a fire on the sand. 
They did not need a fire for warming themselves, 
for the weather was hot, but they made it, as I sup- 
posed, for cooking their horrid food of men’s flesh, 
which they had brought with them — whether alive 
or dead, I did not know. They had two canoes 
dragged up on the shore, and after a while I saw 
them drag the canoes back into the water and row 
or paddle away. 

As soon as they were gone I took two guns on my 
shoulders, two pistols in my belt, and my sword by 
my side, and went with all the speed I could to the 
hill near which I had first seen bones scattered on 
the sand. When I reached this hill I found that 
there had been three canoes more of savages at that 


A VESSEL IS WRECKED ON THE ISLAND. 


67 


place, for I saw all the canoes at sea rowing towards 
the land in the distance. 

1 now made up my mind that the next time I saw 
any of those savages, I would fire upon them and 
kill as many of them as I could, for I knew what 
they had come to the island to do. But afterwards 
I thought it would not be right for me to kill them. 
They had done me no harm. God had given me no 
power over them. And perhaps they did not know 
that they were doing wrong. 


CHAPTER XXIII. 

A VESSEL IS WRECKED ON THE ISLAND. 

About a year after I had seen the savages, a 
great thunder-storm came on. It was on the six- 
teenth of May, as I found from my wooden calen- 
dar, which I still kept. The storm blew very hard 
all day and all night, so that I had to stay within 
doors. About bedtime, as I was reading my Bible, 
I heard the noise of a gun coming, as I thought, 
from the sea. I rushed out and hastened to the top 
of the hill, and just then I heard another gun. Be- 
lieving that it must be from a ship in distress, I 
gathered a large heap of wood and set fire to it, 
hoping that the people in the ship would see it, as 


68 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


I think they did, for as soon as the heap blazed up, 
there was another shot, and in a few minutes two 
or three more. Then I piled up more wood so as to 
keep the fire burning all night. 

In the morning when I looked out I saw some- 
thing a great distance off in the sea on the south. 
Taking my gun in my hand, I ran to the rocks on 
the south side of my island, where I had once been 
nearly lost with my little boat. Then getting upon 
a cliff, I plainly saw the wreck of a ship, cast away 
upon the rocks during the night. I could not see 
any person on the wreck or near it, though I had 
my glass ; so I did not know whether any of the 
people had been saved or not. 

I cannot tell how much I longed for even one 
person to be saved from this wreck. While I 
stood watching it I cried aloud several times, Oh, 
that one soul had been saved out of this ship to 
come to me, so that I might have one companion, 
one fellow-creature to speak to me ! ” In all my 
lonely life on the island I had never felt so strong a 
desire for a companion, or so much grief for the 
want of one. I repeated a thousand times the 
words “ Oh, that even one had been saved ! ” But I 
never knew till the last year of my being on the 
island whether any one had been saved out of that 
ship or not. 


A VESSEL IS WRECKED ON THE ISLAND. 


69 


I now thought I would go out to the wreck in 
my canoe, and see whether I could find anything in 
it that would be of use to me. So I hastened back 
to my castle to make ready for the voyage. I took 
some bread and rice and cheese and raisins and a 
bottle of goat’s milk and a jar of water. These I 
carried down to my boat, and then I got the little 
vessel out and started off. I rowed along the shore 
until I came to the north-west point of the island. 
Here I found the sea so rough that I did not think 
it safe to go out far from the land ; so I turned into 
a little creek, where I remained for that night, sleep- 
ing in my canoe. 

Early in the morning, as the tide was going out 
and the sea was calmer, I set off again. In less 
than two hours I came up to the wreck. It was a 
sad sight to see. The ship was stuck fast, jammed 
in between two rocks. Her stern had been beaten 
to pieces by the waves and her masts broken off. 
When I came close to where she lay, a dog jumped 
yelping into the sea and swam up to me. I took 
him into my boat and gave him some bread, which he 
seized and ate like a starving wolf. I then gave him 
water, and he lapped it up so eagerly that he would 
have burst, if I had let him take all he wanted. 

After this I went on board. In the cook’s room 
I found two men dead, with their arms fast about 


70 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


one another. There was no one alive on the ship, 
and most of the goods I saw were spoiled by water. 
I guessed the vessel had been bound for Spain. I 
took two of the seamen’s chests into my boat with- 
out opening them at the time. I also took a small 
cask of liquor, a horn of powder, a fire-shovel, two 
brass kettles, and a copper pot. With this cargo 
and the dog I came away, and reached the island 
again in the evening. 

I slept that night in the boat. In the morning I 
got my things ashore, and I thought it best to store 
them in my new cave. I found some good shirts 
and handkerchiefs and neckties in one of the chests. 
In the other I found three bags of gold coins and 
some bars of gold. I had no use whatever for this 
money. I would have given it all for three or four 
pairs of shoes and stockings, for I had had none on 
my feet for many years. I had, indeed, now got two 
pairs of shoes, which I took off the drowned men in 
the wreck, but they were so large and heavy that 
they were of little use to me. 

I now set about to carry the things I had got in 
the wreck to my new cave. When this was done, I 
went back to my boat and rowed her along the 
shore to her old harbor in the little creek, where I 
laid her up. I then went home to my castle, and 
found everything there safe as I had left it. 


ROBINSON’S DREAM. 


71 


CHAPTER XXIV. 

Robinson’s dream. 

One night soon after I had been at the wreck, I 
had a very strange dream. I dreamed that as I was 
going ont in the morning from my castle, I saw 
upon the shore two canoes and eleven savages, 
and that they had with them another savage, whom 
they were going to kill and eat. On a sudden this 
savage jumped away and ran for his life, and I 
thought he came running into my little grove, be- 
fore my fort, to hide hiruself. Seeing him alone, 
for, as I thought, the other savages did not follow 
him that way, I showed myself to him, smiling upon 
him and encouraging him. He knelt down before 
me and begged me to help him, and I brought him 
into my house and he became my servant. Then I 
thought I said to myself, Now I may set out to 
sail my boat to the mainland, for this man will 
serve me as a pilot and tell me what to do, and 
what soi*t of people there are in that country.” I 
waked up very happy with the thought that I was 
going to get away from the island, but in a moment 
I knew it was only a dream, and I felt much ‘dis- 
appointed. 

I thought a good deal over this dream. If I 


72 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


could get one of those savages in that way, what a 
good thing it would be ! I would then have a com- 
panion, and perhaps he would help me, as I said in 
my dream, to make a passage over the sea to that 
land in the distance. With these thoughts in my 
mind I now kept on the lookout every day for 
savages, hoping that if any came, I should be able in 
some way to get one to come to my castle. 


CHAPTER XXV. 

ROBINSON HAS A COMPANION AT LAST. 

About a year and a half after my dream, I was 
surprised one morning by seeing five canoes on the 
shore on my side of the island. The people belong- 
ing to them were all landed and out of sight, and I 
knew there must be a great many, for each canoe 
could hold five or six. 

I went back to my castle and sat down for a 
while, listening to hear if they made any noise. 
But I heard nothing. Then I set my guns at the 
foot of my ladder, and climbing up the hill, I stood 
a little lower down than the top of it, so as not to 
show myself to the savages, if they should turn 
their eyes that way. I had my glass with me, and 
when I looked through it to the shore I saw about 


ROBINSON HAS A COMPANION AT LAST. 


73 


thirty savages. They had a fire kindled, and they 
were all dancing round it. In a few minutes I saw 
them drag two men from the boats. They knocked 
down one of these men, and then killed him, while 
the other was left standing by himself till they 
should be ready for him. 

At that moment this poor wretch started off and 
ran with great speed towards the part of the coast 
near my house. I was dreadfully frightened, for I 
thought at first that they were all following him, 
and that, as in my dream, he might run into my 
little grove, but that, unlike the dream, the other 
savages might come too, and find him and me there. 
I began to be less afraid, however, when I saw that 
only three were following the man who was trying 
to escape, and that he was gaining ground on them, 
so that if he could keep up the same speed for half 
an hour, he would get away from them. 

Now, between the place where the savages had 
come ashore and my castle, there was the little creek 
already mentioned, in which I had landed my rafts 
from the wreck. When the poor flying savage came 
to this creek, he plunged in and swam over in a few 
minutes. Two of the others plunged in and swam 
after him, but they were twice as long in getting 
over the creek. The third savage, not being able 
to swim, went back to his comrades at the shore. 


74 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


I now thought the time had come for me to try 
to get a servant and companion. I felt too that I 
was called by God to save this poor creature’s life. 
So 1 ran down the ladder, fetched two of my guns, 
and hastened to the top of the hill. Then I crossed 
over towards the sea, until I got between the man 
who was running away and the two who were fol- 
lowing him. I cried out to the poor fellow, and he 
looked back, but at first he was as much frightened 
at me as at them. I beckoned to him with my hand 
to come to me, and then going towards the other 
two, I rushed upon one of them and knocked him 
down with a blow of my gun. I did not like to 
fire because the men at the shore might hear the 
noise. When the other savage, who was following, 
saw his companion knocked down, he suddenly 
stopped as if frightened. Then I went tow^ards 
him, but as I came near he raised his bow and arrow 
to take aim at me, so I fired at him and killed him. 

The poor savage who had been running away 
had now stopped. But though he saw both his 
enemies fall, he was so much frightened by the 
noise of my gun that he was about to stark off 
again. I again cried out to him and made signs to 
him to come up to me. Then he came towards me 
a little way, and again stopped, and soon he came 
still nearer and stopped again. I saw he was trem- 


ROBINSON HAS A COMPANION AT LAST. 


75 


bling with fear, and I made all the signs I conld 
think of to let him know 
I was his friend. At last 
he came close up to me 
and kneeled down and 
kissed the ground. Then 
he took one of my feet in 
his hands and set it on 
his head to show that he 
was willing to be my 
slave forever. I 
raised him up and 
made signs to him 
that I was 
well pleased. 



ROBINSON AND THE SAVAGE. 


76 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


But there was more work still to do. The savage 
I had knocked down was not killed. He was only 
stunned by the blow, and I saw he was sitting up. 
My savage or slave, as I might now call him, saw 
this too, and he spoke some words to me. I did not 
understand what he said, but the words were very 
pleasant to my ears, for they were the first sound of 
man’s voice, except my own, that I had heard for 
twenty-five years. 

When I raised my gun to fire at the savage on the 
ground, my slave made a sign to me to give him my 
sword. As soon as he got it, he ran up to the man, 
and with one blow cut off his head. He then came 
back to me, laughing, with the head and the sword, 
and laid both at my feet. He wondered very much 
at seeing that I had killed the other savage without 
going near him, and he made signs to me to let him 
go to where the man was lying. When he came up 
to him, he turned him first on one side and then on 
the other, and looked with surprise at the wound the 
shot had made, for he could not understand how it 
had been done. 

My savage now took up his bow and arrows, and 
I beckoned to him to come away, but he made signs 
that he should bury the dead men. So he fell to 
work, and in a very short time he scraped two holes 
in the sand with his hands, and threw the bodies in, 


ROBINSON NAMES THE SAVAGE FRIDAY. Y7 


and covered them up. Then I took him oft* to my 
cave on the other side of the island, for I did not 
think it would be wise to let him see my castle yet 
awhile. 


CHAPTER XXVL 

ROBINSON NAMES THE SAVAGE FRIDAY. 

When we came to the cave, I gave my companion 
some bread and raisins, and a drink of water. He 
ate and drank heartily, and I then showed him a 
place to sleep, where I had laid some straw and a 
blanket. The poor creature was soon asleep, for he 
was tired after his long run. 

He was a very handsome man, tall and well shaped, 
and, as I thought, about twenty-six years of age. 
He had long, black hair, a high and large forehead, 
and his eyes were sparkling and bright. His skin 
was of a light-brown color. His face was round and 
plump, and very pleasing to look at, and his teeth 
were as white as ivory. 

After sleeping for about half an hour, he woke up 
and came out to Avhere I was milking my goats in 
one of my parks close by. The moment he saw me 
he ran up to me, making all the signs he could to 
show that he was thankful. He laid himself down 
upon the ground, and took hold of one of my feet 


7S ROBINSON CRUSOE. 

and set it upon his head, as he has done before, to 
let me know that he would serve me as long as he 
lived. I made signs that I understood what he 
wished to tell me, and that I was very well pleased 
with him. 

In a little while I began to teach him to speak to 
me. I let him know his name should be Friday, 
which was the day I had saved his life. I also 
taught him that my name was to be Master. Then 
we had our first meal together, and I kept him with 
me at the cave that night. 

In the morning I took him with me to the shore 
where the savages had been. They had gone away 
without searching for their comrades who had fol- 
lowed Friday, but they had left behind them what 
it made me sick to look at. The place was covered 
with the bones and some of the flesh of the poor 
savages they had killed. Friday told me afterwards 
that they had brought three other prisoners with 
them besides himself. He said there had been a 
battle in their country between two tribes, and that 
the savages who came to the island belonged to the 
tribe that had won in the fight. They had taken a 
great number of prisoners, and the poor wretches 
had all been carried off to several places by those 
who had taken them. 

I could see that Friday had a desire to eat some 


ROBINSON NAMES THE SAVAGE FRIDAY. 


79 


of the flesh, but I let him understand as well as I 
could how much I was displeased at the thought 
of such a thing, and that I would kill him if he 
attempted to do it. I then made him gather up 
the bones in a heap and burn them all to ashes. 

When this was done I took him to my castle, and 
I set to work to get him some clothes. I gave him 
a pair of linen drawers which I had by me. It was 
one of the things which I had got from the wreck 
long before. Then I made him a cap of hare’s skin 
and a coat of goatskin like my own. He seemed 
much pleased with his clothes, though at first he 
went about very awkwardly in them, for until then 
he had never worn any. But he soon got used to 
them. 

I next had to think where I should make a sleep- 
ing place for my servant. I did not like to have 
him in my own room, as I might call it, for I was 
not yet sure that I could safely trust him to be 
so near me while I slept. But I made a bed for 
him in the space between my two walls, and at 
night I took away the ladders and barred up the 
door, so that nobody could get in without making 
a noise that would wake me up. I soon found, 
however, that I had no need to be afraid of Fri- 
day. No one ever had a more faithful, loving 
servant or friend than he was to me. 


80 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


CHAPTER XXVII. 

FRIDAY LEARNS TO WORK. 

I WAS more and more pleased with Friday every 
day, and I made it my business to teach him every- 
thing that could be useful to him. He was very 
willing and eager to learn. In a short time he came 
to understand what I said to him, and was able to 
speak to me very well in English. And now I 
began to be happy, having a companion at last. I 
thought I could live content on the island all my 
life, if I were sure that no more savages would 
come. 

Friday was very much puzzled about my gun. 
He could not think how I had killed the savage 
with it. One morning, a few days after he had 
come, I took him out with me to the woods. On 
the way I saw a goat lying in the shade with two 
young ones at her side. I raised my gun and fired 
and killed one of the kids. Friday trembled with 
fear. He did not see the kid I shot at and he 
thought I meant to kill himself. He was so fright- 
ened that he tore open his coat and looked at his 
breast to find if there was a wound in it the same 
as he had seen in the savage. Then he came and 
kneeled down to me and caught me by the knees 


FRIDAY LEARNS TO WORK. 


81 


and spoke to me with tears in his eyes. I did not 
quite understand what he said, but I knew he w^as 
praying to me not to kill him. 

I soon, however, let him see that I would do him 
no harm, but it was not so easy to make him under- 
stand about the gun. I loaded it again and told 
him to watch me firing at a bird in the air. He 
watched and saw the bird fall to the ground the 
moment I fired. Still he was as much frightened 
as before. He thought there was some terrible 
being inside the gun that could kill man or beast 
or bird, near or far off. ^If I had let him, I believe 
he would have prayed to the gun as if it were a 
god. For a good while he would not touch it, but 
when I was out of sight he would talk to it, and he 
afterwards told me he used to ask it not to kill 
him. 

I brought home the kid and made broth of it. 
Friday took some and liked it well, but he won- 
dered very much to see me use salt with mine. He 
made a sign to me that salt was not good to eat. 
He put a little in his mouth and spit it out and 
washed his mouth with water, to show how unpleas- 
ant the taste was to him. Then I took some broth 
without salt, and spit it out to show him how much 
I disliked it in that way. Still Friday would never 
care for salt with his food. 


6 


82 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


Next day I set Friday to work grinding and sift- 
ing corn. He soon learned to do it well, and lie 
was very willing and glad to do it, wken lie knew 
it was for bread. Then I showed him how to make 
bread and bake it, and in a short time he was able 
to do all the work as well as myself. 


CHAPTER XXVHI. 

FRIDAY BECOMES A CHRISTIAN. 

As soon as Friday had learned English well 
enough to speak to me and answer me when I 
spoke, I began to talk to him about God. I asked 
him who made him. The poor creature did not 
understand me at all. Then I asked him who made 
the sea, the ground we walked on, the hills and 
woods. He said it was ‘^Benee,” that lived ^‘be- 
yond all.” 

He could tell nothing of this person but that he 
was older than the sea or land, the moon or 
stars.” I asked him why all people did not pray 
to Benee if he had made all things. Friday an- 
swered that all things said “ O ” to him. I asked 
him if the people who died in his country went any- 
where after death. He said they all went to Benee. 

Then I began to tell him of the true God. I 


FRIDAY BECOMES A CHRISTIAN. 


83 


pointed up towards heaven and said that God lives 
there. I told him it was He who had made all 
things, that He can do everything for us, that He 
can give us all we want, or take away from us all 
we have. 

I then told him that God can look into our 
hearts, that He knows all our thoughts, hears all 
our words, and sees all that we do. I said that 
God is very good, that He loves all His creatures, 
that He loves them more and more when they do 
what is right, and that He is displeased when they 
do wrong. 

I also made him understand how good it is to 
pray to God, who helps and blesses those who do so 
in the right way. Then I told him about Christ 
and what He had done for all men, and I read to 
him often from the Bible and tried to make him 
understand what it meant. 

Friday always listened with great attention and 
respect when I spoke about these things, and soon I 
had the joy of finding that his heart and mind were 
turned to the true God and to a firm hope of happi- 
ness in Christ. 


84 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


CHAPTER XXIX. 

FRIDAY TELLS ABOUT HIS OWN COUNTRY. 

After some time, when Friday could under- 
stand nearly everything I said to him, I told him 
how I had come to the island, how long I had been 
there, and how I had lived in it. I showed him the 
boat from which I had been cast ashore, for it re- 
mained still in the same place, though it was now 
almost fallen to pieces. When Friday saw this boat 
he stood thinking a good while. At last he said, 
^^Me see such boat like come to place at my coun- 
try.” I did not Well understand him at first, but 
after getting him to tell me more about it, I thought 
some ship must have been wrecked on the coast of 
the country from which he had come, and that the 
boat he spoke of must have belonged to that ship. 

Friday then told me that there were white men in 
the boat, and that they had been saved. “We save 
the white mans from drowns,” said he, “ the boat 
full of white mans.” I asked how many there were, 
and he counted seventeen upon his fingers, and 
when I asked what had become of them he said, 
“They live, they dwell at my country.” 

I now thought that those men must have been on 
the ship that had been wrecked on the rocks to the 


FRIDAY TELLS ABOUT HIS OWN COUNTRY. 85 


south of my island. I could hardly believe, how- 
ever, that they could be still alive, if they had been 
cast ashore among the savages, so I asked Friday 
again. But he told me they were surely alive, that 
they had been there for four years, and that the 
savages were good to them. I asked him how it 
was that they did not kill and eat the “white 
mans,” and he said, “ They no eat mans but when 
make the war fight.” By this he meant that they 
never eat men except those taken in battle. 

Some time after this we were on the top of a hill 
from which, on a clear day, the mainland of Amer- 
ica could be seen. Friday gazed at the sea as if 
looking out for something, and in a little while he 
began jumping and dancing and calling to me, for I 
was a short distance from him. “ What is the mat- 
ter, said I ? ” coming up to him. “ Oh, joy ! ” cried 
he, “ oh, glad ! there see my country ! ” His eyes 
sparkled with delight, and he stretched out his 
hands towards his country as if longing to be there. 

This made me feel very uneasy. I began to have 
doubts about Friday. I thought he wished to be 
with his own people again, and I feared that if he 
got there, he would tell them about me and perhaps 
come back to the island with a number of savages, 
and make a feast upon me, as they did with the 
poor wretches on the shore. 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


But I wronged tlie poor creature very mucli by 
my doubts, as I found out afterwards. For some 
time, however, I was not so friendly with him as 
before, and while my fears lasted I was every day 
asking him questions to see if I could find out what 
his wishes really were. 

“ Friday,” said I to him one day, “ would you not 
like to be in your own country again ? ” 

“ Yes,” he said, “ I be much O glad to be at my 
country.” 

“ What would you do there ? ” said I. “ Would you 
eat man’s flesh and be a savage as you were before ? ” 

Friday looked very thoughtful, and shaking his 
head, he answered, No, no ; Friday tell them live 
good ; tell them pray God ; tell them eat corn- 
bread, cattle-flesh, milk ; no eat mans again.” 

“ Why, then,” said I, “ they would kill you.” 

No, no,” said he, they no kill me ; they willing 
love learn.” 

Then I asked him if he would go back. He 
smiled at this and told me he could not swim so 
far. I told him I would make a canoe for him. 
He said he would go if I would go with him. 

go ? ” said I. “ Why, they will eat me if I come 
there.” 

“No, no,” cried Friday, “me make them no eat 
you, me make them much love you.” 


ROBINSON AND FRIDAY MAKE A NEW BOAT. 87 


He meant lie would tell them how I had saved 
his life, and so he would make them love me. Then 
he told me how kind they were to the seventeen white 
men who had been cast on their shore in distress. 


CHAPTER XXX. 

ROBINSON AND FRIDAY MAKE A NEW BOAT. 

I NOW began to have a wish to go over to Friday’s 
country. I felt sure that if I could join the white 
men there, we could find some means of getting to 
England or Spain, for I believed that those men be- 
longed to Spain. So after some days I took Friday 
to see my little boat, which I had not shown him 
before. He thought it was too small to go so far. 
Then I took him to the boat I had first made, but 
could not get into the water. This was large enough, 
Friday said. We could not use it, however, for it 
was now somewhat rotten, having lain there in the 
sun and rain for more than twenty years. I told 
Friday we would make another boat as big, and 
that he should go home in it. He made me no an- 
swer, but he looked very sad. I asked him what 
was the matter. Then he said : 

Why you angry mad with Friday ? What me 
done ? ” 


88 


ROBINSON CRUSOE 


I told him I was not angry with him. 

No angry ? ” said he. Why send Friday home 
away to my country ? ” 

“ Why,” said I, did you not say you wished you 
were there ? ” 

“Yes, yes,” said he, “wish we both there; no 
wish Friday there, no master there.” 

“ I go there, Friday !” said I. “What shall I do 
there ? ” 

“You do great deal much good,” answered Fri- 
day, quickly. “ You teach wild mans be good ; you 
tell them know God, pray God, and live new life.” 

“ No, no, Friday,” said I. “ You shall go without 
me ; leave me here to live by myself as I did before.” 

He looked very grieved when I said this, and he 
ran and took one of his hatchets, which he used to 
wear, and gave it to me. 

“ What must I do with this, Friday ? ” said I. 

“You take kill Friday. What you send Friday 
away for ? Take kill Friday ; no send Friday away.” 

I saw tears in the poor creature’s eyes as he spoke, 
and I was now so sure of his friendship and love 
for me that I told him I would never send him away 
if he was willing to stay with me. 

Then I made up my mind that we should have 
a new boat. As Friday knew better than I what 
kind of wood was fittest for it, I let him find out a 


ROBINSON AND FRIDAY MAKE A NEW BOAT. 89 


tree, wHcli lie soon did. He also cut down tlie tree, 
and liis plan was to burn out a hollow in the trunk 
for the inside of the boat. But I showed him how 
to use tools to cut it out, as I myself had done be- 
fore, and he did the work very well. 

We had our vessel finished in less than two 
months. She was large enough to carry twenty 
men. We made rollers and put them under her, 
and we rolled her inch by inch until we got her 
into the water. I was surprised to see how well 
Friday could manage her, and turn her and paddle 
her along when she was afloat. He was used to 
canoes. I asked him if she would carry us over. 
He said, “ Yes, we go in her very well, though 
great blow wind.” 

But I had a thought that he knew nothing of. It 
was to make a mast and a sail, and have an anchor 
for our boat. So I set Friday to work to cut down 
a straight young cedar tree for a mast, and we made 
a sail from some sails I had saved from the wreck. 
Then we made a rudder for steering our vessel. 
When all this was done, I taught Friday how to 
manage the boat with the sail. He learned quickly, 
for he was very attentive to everything I told him, 
and he was soon as good a sailor as myself. 


90 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


CHAPTER XXXI. 

ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SAVE A SPANIARD’S LIFE. 

I HAD been now twenty-six years on the island. 
Friday had been with me nearly two years, and I 
felt more than ever how good God had been to me 
in sending me so faithful a companion. 

It was the rainy season, and we had to wait for 
fair weather before starting on our voyage. But 
we were getting our things ready every day. One 
morning I sent Friday to the shore for a tortoise, 
which we got once a week for the sake of the eggs 
as well as the flesh. He had not been gone long, 
when he came running back in great haste, and 
before I had time to speak he cried out, Oh, Mas- 
ter ! Oh, sorrow ! Oh, bad ! ” 

“ What’s the matter, Friday ? ” said I. 

^^Oh, yonder there,” cried he, “one, two, three 
canoes ! ” 

The poor fellow shook with fear, for he thought 
they had come to search for him, and that they 
would kill him and eat him. 

“Well, Friday,” said I, “don’t be afraid ; we shall 
fight them ; can you fight, Friday ? ” 

“ Me shoot,” said he, “ but there come many great 
number.” 


ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SAVE A SPANIARD’S LIFE. 91 


No matter,” said I, “ our guns will frighten those 
we do not kill.” 

We at once made ready to fight. We loaded six 
guns and two pistols with bullets. I hung my 
sword by my side and Friday took his hatchet. 
Then I went up the hill with my glass to look at 
the savages. I found there were twenty-one of them, 
with three prisoners and three canoes. They had 
landed on the shore near where there was a thick 
wood close to the sea. 

I came down to Friday and told him I would kill 
them all, and asked him if he would stand by me. 
He said he would die ^'when master bid die.” I 
gave him a pistol to stick in his belt, and three guns 
to carry on his shoulder, for he was not now afraid 
of a gun, and he could use one as well as myself. I 
took the other pistol and three guns. I ordered 
Friday to keep close behind me and not to shoot or 
speak a word till I should bid him. 

We then started off. We went a roundabout way 
to get into the wood without letting the savages see 
us, and we came to the side of it next to where they 
were. I pointed to a great tree at the corner of the 
wood, and whispered to Friday to go there and see 
what they Avere doing. He soon came back and told 
me they were all around their fire eating one of the 
prisoners. Another prisoner, he said, lay bound on 


92 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


the sand and they would eat him next. He was not 
a savage but a white man, and Friday thought he 
was one of those he had told me of before, who had 
been cast ashore in their country. 

I was filled with horror and anger when I heard 
this, but there was not a moment to lose, and so we 
moved on behind some bushes, until we came to 
a little hill from which we had a full view of the 
savages, about eighty yards off. Nineteen of the 
wretches were sitting upon the sand all together, 
and the other two were stooping over the poor white 
man to untie the cords that bound him. 

“ Now, Friday,” said I, the time is come ; we must 
shoot to save the white man; do just as you see me 
do.” 

I took up a gun and aimed at the savages. Friday 
was ready when I gave the word “Fire !” and we both 
fired at the same moment. With the first shot we 
killed three of them and wounded five others. The 
savages who were not hurt jumped up in terror. 
They did not know which way to run or w^hich way 
to look. Friday kept his eyes on me to watch what 
I would do next. I took up another gun and he did 
the same. “ Let fiy at them,” said I, and we both 
fired again. Only two were killed this time, but 
several were wounded, and they ran yelling around 
as if they were mad. 


ROBINSON AND FRIDAY SAVE A SPANIARD’S LIFE. 93 


I now picked up anotker loaded gun, and bidding 
Friday follow me, I rushed out of the wood and 
down to the shore. We shouted as loud as we 
could, and made for the spot where the poor white 
prisoner was lying on the sand. The two who had 
been about to untie him ran to a canoe at the first 
noise of our guns, and three others followed them. 
I bade Friday to fire at them, and I thought he had 
killed them all, for I saw them fall into the boat. 
Two of them, however, got up again, but two were 
killed and one was wounded. 

While Friday was firing, I was helping the white 
man. With my knife I cut the cords that bound 
him. He could not stand up for a little while, he 
was so weak, but I gave him something to drink 
out of a bottle I had brought with me, and it 
strengthened him very much. He told me he be- 
longed to Spain, and he said all he could to show 
how thankful he was to me for saving his life. 
Then I gave him my sword and a pistol and told 
him to use them, for there was more fighting to do. 
He quickly fell upon the savages, and killed two of 
them in an instant. 

At the same time, Friday fought them with his 
hatchet, and he struck down a savage at every blow. 
It was not long until they were all killed except 
four, who got into a canoe, and rowed away. I 


94 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


jumped into another canoe, crying to Friday to 
follow me, for I wished to catch the men who were 
escaping, lest they might come back with more sav- 
ages. In this canoe I found the other poor pris- 
oner bound hand and foot and almost dead with 
fear. I cut the cords and set him free. 

When Friday came up I bade him speak to the 
poor man in his own language and tell him he was 
safe. But as soon as Friday heard the man speak 
and looked in his face, he threw his arms around 
his neck and kissed him and showed in every way 
he could how happy he was to see him. He 
jumped about, and danced, and sang, then wept 
and wrung his hands, and then danced and sang 
again. It was a good while before I could get Fri- 
day to speak to me, or tell me what was the mat- 
ter, but at last he told me that the poor prisoner 
was his father. 


CHAPTER XXXII. 

Friday’s father and the Spaniard. 

We now gave up the thought of following the 
four savages. It was well we did so, for in a short 
time the wind began to blow so hard that the canoe 
must have been upset if we had gone far out. We 


FRIDAY’S FATHER AND THE SPANIARD. 


95 


felt sure that the savages never reached their own 
country. 

I cannot tell half the things Friday did to show 
his love for his father and his joy at seeing him. 
He went into the boat and out of it a great many 
times, and when he went in he would sit down by 
him, and hold his head to his breast. He rubbed 
his arms and ankles, which were stiff with the cords, 
and he fetched him bread and raisins. I gave him 
some drink out of my bottle, and we gave food and 
drink to the Spaniard also. 

They were both too weak to walk much, and so 
Friday took them round along the shore in the 
canoe, and I walked across and met them at our 
little creek. They sat on the bank while I made a 
hand-barrow, in which Friday and myself carried 
them to our castle. We fixed up a tent for them 
outside the outer wall, for they were not yet strong 
enough to get into our house by the ladders, as 
Friday and I always did. We made two beds for 
them in this tent, with blankets to lie on and 
blankets to cover them. 

Then Friday killed a young goat, and we prepared 
a good dinner for the poor weak men. We had 
roast meat and boiled meat, and good broth with 
rice and barley in it. We all sat down to our meal 
together in the new tent, and I did everything I 


96 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


could to cheer the new comers and make them com- 
fortable. 

After dinner Friday went round the shore with 
the canoe and fetched home our guns, which we had 
left behind for want of time. The next day I or- 
dered him to bury the dead bodies of the savages. 
He did this so well that when I went to the place 
again I saw no marks of what had happened 
there. 

I now began to talk with my new friends, and 
first I got Friday to ask his father if he thought the 
savages who had gone otf in the canoe would come 
back and bring more with them. He said he 
thought they must have been lost in the storm, but 
if they had got home they would tell their people 
that their comrades had been killed by thunder and 
lightning and that they had been attacked by two 
spirits sent down from heaven to destroy them. He 
knew this, he said, because he heard them all cry out 
so to one another at the shore. His people could 
not believe that men could dart fire, and speak 
thunder, and kill at a distance, as they had been 
killed. 

Still I was uneasy for a while, and was always 
ready with my little army, which now numbered 
four men. We watched the shores now and then 
to see if there was any sign of savages, and we felt 


FRIDAY’S FATHER AND THE SPANIARD. 


97 


that we were strong enough for a hundred of them 
whenever they should come. 

After a little time, as no savages came, I began to 
think again of making a voyage to the mainland. 
Friday’s father said, if I would go, the people of his 
tribe would treat me well, because I had been so 
good to him. I then talked with the Spaniard. 
He said there were sixteen of his countrymen with 
the savages, and that the savages treated them 
kindly, but they had great trouble to get food 
enough. I asked him if he thought they would be 
willing to come over to my island, and I said that if 
they would come, we might all together be able to 
work out some plan of getting to our own countries. 
We might build a vessel large enough to carry us to 
Brazil. 

He thought very well of this, and he said that if 
I wished it, he would take Friday’s father with him 
and go over and speak to his countrymen among 
the savages about my plan and come back with their 
answer. But he did not think it would be wise to 
take his countrymen to the island until I had a 
larger stock of corn and rice. What I had now, he 
said, was not more than enough for four, and if 
sixteen were added to my family, we should be in 
want. It would be better, he thought, for me to let 
him and Friday and his father dig more land and 
7 


98 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


SOW more corn, and that we should wait for another 
harvest, so that there might be plenty of food for 
his countrymen when they should come. 

This was very good advice, so we all set to work 
and dug as much land as we had seed for, and we 
sowed our seed. Then we went out among the 
wild goats and got about twenty young kids and 
added them to our flock. When the season came 
for gathering grapes we gathered a much larger 
quantity than usual, and hung them up in the sun 
to be dried. We also made a great many baskets 
to hold our corn in. 

When the proper time came, we gathered in our 
corn, and there was more than had ever been on the 
island before. We had enough to feed ourselves, 
and all the sixteen Spaniards, if they had been with 
us, till the next harvest. 

And now, as we had plenty of food, the Spaniard 
and Friday’s father got ready to go. I gave them 
a gun and some powder, and bread and grapes 
enough for themselves for many days, and a supply 
for the sixteen Spaniards for eight days. They 
then put all these provisions into one of the canoes. 
After wishing them a good voyage, I saw them olf 
and told them to hang out a signal, or flag, when they 
came in sight of the island on their return, so that 
we might know them before they got near the shore. 


A SHIP AND ITS CREW COME TO THE ISLAND. 99 



CHAPTER 
XXXIIL 

A SHIP AND 
ITS CREW 
COME TO THE 
ISLAND. 

Eight days af- 
ter the Spaniard 
and Friday’s 
father left, I was 
asleep in my castle one 
morning when Friday 
came running in and calling 
out, ‘^Master, master, they 
are come, they are come ! ” 

I jumped up, and as soon as 
I could get on my clothes, 

I went out through my little 
grove, and turned my eyes 
towards the sea. To my great 
surprise, there was a boat with 
a sail heading for the shore. I 
called Friday, and told him 
these were not the people we 
were expecting. Then I took a ship in sight. 


100 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


my glass and went to tlie top of tlie Mil to get a 
better view'. I had hardly set foot on the hill, 
when I caught sight of a ship lying at anchor, 
about five miles out at sea on the south of the 
island. 

I was sure it was an English ship, and I cannot 
tell how glad I was to see it. Still I thought it 
better to keep on my guard until I knew why they 
had come to the island. It was a part of the world 
in which there was no trade or business for English 
ships, and there had been no storm to drive them 
out of their course. Perhaps they might be bad 
men who had come there to commit some crime. 
So I would not show myself for a little. 

The boat was now near the shore, and I saw there 
were eleven men in it, all English, as I thought. 
In a few minutes they ran the boat in on the beach, 
about half a mile from where I stood. Five or six 
of them jumped out, and took with them three men 
bound as prisoners. 

Friday, who was at my side, now said to me : 
“ Oh, master, you see English mans eat prisoner well 
as savage mans.” 

Why, Friday,” said I, “ do you think they are 
going to eat them ? ” 

^Wes,” said Friday, ^‘they will eat them.” 

“ No, no,” said I, “ Friday, I am afraid they will 


A SHIP AND ITS CREW COME TO THE ISLAND. 101 


kill tkem, but you may be sure they will not eat 
them.” 

One of tbe men now raised a sword, and I tbouglit 
the prisoners would be killed on the spot. But the 
fellow did not strike, and the whole five or six 
who had first got out of the boat ran off along 
the shore towards the woods, as if to see what kind 
of country they were in. They left the prisoners 
free to go where they pleased, and the poor men sat 
down upon the ground, looking very sad. 

While the five or six were rambling through the 
woods the tide went out, and so their boat now lay 
on the ground a good distance from the water. Two 
men had remained in the boat, and had fallen asleep. 
When they awoke they called out for their com- 
rades, who soon came back to the shore, and tried 
to drag the boat down to the water, but they could 
not move it. Then they all rambled oif into the 
woods, and I heard one saying to another, “We 
must wait ; we can’t float her till the next tide.” 

I now thought I would go and talk to the prisoners, 
and find out what was the matter. I knew that the 
tide would not be in for ten hours, and I was sure 
the men would not come back for a good while. 
So I took two guns and gave Friday three, and told 
him to keep behind me. Then I marched off. When 
the prisoners saw me they started up, and were 


102 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


about to run away, for they were frightened at my 
strange dress. I spoke to them and said : 

Do not be afraid ; you have a friend near.’’ 

“Then,” said one of them, pulling oft his hat, 
“ he must be sent from heaven ; are you an angel ? ” 

“No,” said I, “if God had sent an angel, he 
would have come in better clothes. I am a man 
'and an Englishman, and I am willing to help you. 
You see I have a servant here, and we have arms. 
What is the matter ? ” 

“ Our case, sir,” said he, with tears running down 
his face, “ is too long to tell, but in short, I was 
the captain of that ship. This is my mate and the 
other is a passenger. The sailors have taken the 
ship from me, and they have carried us ashore to 
leave us here to die. Some of them are now in that 
wood, and I fear they may have heard you talk. If 
they have, they will kill us all.” 

I then asked him if the men had any firearms, 
and he told me they had two guns, but had left one 
of them in the boat. 

“ Well,” said I, “ leave the rest to me ; I believe they 
are all asleep. It is an easy thing to kill them, but 
perhaps it would be better to take them prisoners.” 

He told me that two of them were very bad men, 
and if those two were taken prisoners, he thought the 
rest would come back to their work and be obedient. 


ROBINSON HELPS THE CAPTAIN. 


103 


Then, sir,” said I, “ if I help you and save the 
ship, are you willing to do two things for me ? ” 
Before I could speak further, he grasped my hand 
and said he would do whatever I wished. If I could 
save the ship, she would be altogether under my 
orders, and he would serve me and go with me, he 
said, wherever I liked to take him. The mate and 
the passenger said the same thing. 


CHAPTEB XXXIV. 

ROBINSON HELPS THE CAPTAIN. 

I NOW sent Friday to my castle for more guns and 
pistols and powder and shot, and gave them to the 
captain and his comrades, and we waited for the 
men to come out of the wood. In a short time two 
of them appeared. The mate and passenger rushed 
forward and fired, and the two men fell. Then the 
others came running towards us, but when they saw 
our guns pointed at them they cried out and begged 
for mercy. 

The captain told them he would spare their lives, 
if they would show him that they were sorry for 
what they had done, and would help him to get 
back the ship. They were very willing to do this, 
and they promised to be obedient and faithful in the 


104 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


future. However, we bound them band and foot, 
and we sent tbe two of tbem, wbo bad been very 
bad, to tbe cave at tbe other side of tbe island, and 
left tbem there with enough to eat and drink, telling 
tbem if they would be quiet, we would soon set 
tbem free. 

We also took tbe oars and sails away from tbe 
boat, and made a big bole in tbe bottom of it, so 
that it would be of no use to tbe men in tbe ship if 
they should come to help their comrades. 

I now brought tbe captain and bis companions to 
my castle, and told tbem about myself. When they 
beard that I bad been alone on tbe island for so 
many years, and that I bad lived so well without 
any one to help me, they were greatly surprised. 

But we bad to think about saving tbe ship, for 
tbe captain told me there were still twenty-six men 
in her, and they bad all taken part against him. We 
did not know what to do at first, as we were too few 
to go out in tbe boat to attack so many. 

At last we thought it would be better to wait and 
see what tbe men in tbe ship would do. I was sure 
that some of tbem would soon come ashore to see 
what bad happened to their comrades. And so they 
did. In a little while we beard a gun fired at the 
ship. Then they bung out a flag as a sign to tbe 
men on shore to come away. When they saw that 


ROBINSON HELPS THE CAPTAIN. 


105 


the boat did not stir, they fired again, and made 
more signs, and at last they put out another boat 
and rowed towards the shore. 

There were ten men in this boat. As soon as they 
came ashore they dragged their boat up on the 
beach, and ran to the other boat, which was close 
by. They were much surprised to find that the oars 
and sail had been taken away, and that there was a 
hole in the bottom of it. They shouted out for their 
comrades, and getting no answer, they marched up 
to the top of the little hill under which my house 
was, and gazed around, and shouted till they were 
tired. Then they went back to their boat, as if they 
meant to return at once to the ship. The captain was 
very uneasy, for he feared that if they got to the 
ship again they would sail off with her. 

But I thought of a plan to prevent this. I ordered 
Friday and the captain’s mate to go into the wood, 
about half a mile from the boat, and shout until the 
men should hear them and answer, and then to go 
farther off and shout again, always keeping out of 
sight, and always going further off and shouting, so 
as to draw the sailors away through the island with 
the belief that it was their comrades who were cry- 
ing for help. This plan worked well. The moment 
the men at the boat heard the first shout, all except 
two of them ran along the shore towards where 


106 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


the voice came from, and soon we lost sight of 
them. 

The captain and the passenger and myself now 
hurried down to the boat, taking with us the five 
prisoners, whom we thought we could trust to help 
us. One of the two men was on the shore, and the 
captain ran up to him and knocked him down. We 
then called to the other who was in the boat. He 
quickly came out and promised to join us if we 
would spare him. The captain pardoned him, and 
now we had a little army of nine men, ready for the 
others when they should come. 

Friday and the mate had done their part well. 
By their shouting they had drawn the sailors from 
wood to wood and hill to hill, until they had gone 
round the island. Friday was back several hours 
before they were, and when they came it was dark. 
We could hear them, as they came along, saying to 
one another that they had got into an enchanted 
island, and would all be killed. After a little, 
we could see them running about wringing their 
hands and weeping. Sometimes they would go 
and sit down in the boat to rest, then come 
ashore and walk about, then do the same thing 
over again. 

My men wanted to fall upon them at once in the 
dark, but I wished to spare them, and kill no more 


ROBINSON HELPS THE CAPTAIN. 


107 


than could be helped. I wished also to make sure 
that none of them would escape. So I ordered Friday 
and the captain to creep upon their hands and feet, 
and try to get up close to them before firing. While 
they were doing this, three of the sailors came walk- 
ing towards them. The captain and Friday started 
up and fired. One of them, who was the leader, 
and the worst of them all, was killed, another was 
wounded, and the third ran away. At the noise of 
the firing I went forward with my little army. We 
came upon them in the dark and they could not see 
how many we were. Then I made the man they 
had left in the boat, who was now on our own side, 
call out to them to ask if they were willing to yield 
to the captain, and help him against the others who 
were on the ship. So he called out to one of them, 
“ Tom Smith ! Tom Smith ! ” 

Smith answered, “Who’s that?” and then the 
other said, 

“Tom Smith, throw down your arms and yield, 
or you will all be killed.” 

“ Whom must we yield to ? ” asked Smith. “ Where 
are they ? ” 

“Here we are,” said our man; “here’s our captain 
with the governor of the island. Some of our men 
are killed and some of them are prisoners. If you 
do not yield you are all lost.” 


108 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


“ Will they give us mercy ? ” cried Smith ; ‘‘ if 
they will we will yield.” 

Then the captain himself called out, Smith, you 
know my voice ; if you lay down your arms at once, 
you shall have your lives.” 

They all now came up and begged for mercy. 
They said they were sorry for what they had done, 
and they promised that if the captain would pardon 
them, they would in future obey his orders and 
help him in every way they could. We then 
bound them, as we had done the others, and sent 
them off to the cave as prisoners. 

Our next work was to try to take the ship from 
the men who were in her. We first repaired the 
boat in which a hole had been made. Then the 
captain picked out nine of the sailors whom he 
thought he could trust, and took them and the 
mate and passenger with him to the ship in the two 
boats. The passenger and four men were in one 
boat, and the captain and mate and five men in the 
other. Friday and I remained on the island to 
watch the prisoners whom the captain was afraid 
to take with him, for they had been very bad men, 
and he would not trust them. 


ROBINSON GOES HOME TO ENGLAND. 


109 


CHAPTEE XXXV. 

ROBINSON GOES HOME TO ENGLAND. 

Before the captain left, he promised that if he 
should have the good fortune to take the ship, he 
would fire seven guns as a signal to me that he had 
succeeded. I sat waiting on the shore until I heard 
the guns, seven shots one after another. It was 
near two o’clock in the morning. Then I went 
home to my castle and lay down to sleep. 

I was wakened by the noise of a gun, and in a 
few minutes I heard some one calling out, Gov- 
ernor ! governor ! ” for this was the name they now 
gave me. It was the captain who called. I went 
out, and he took me up to the top of the hill. Then 
pointing to the ship, he said, ^^My dear friend, 
there’s your ship ; she is all yours, and so are we, 
and all that belongs to her.” 

I cast my eyes to the ship. There she was, not 
more than half a mile from the shore, for they had 
brought her to anchor near the mouth of the creek 
in which I had landed my rafts from the wreck 
twenty-eight years before. I was so overcome with 
joy that if the captain had not taken me by the 
hand, I should have fallen to the ground in a faint. 
When I came to myself a little I lifted up my mind 


110 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


and heart to God in thankfulness for His goodness 
to me. I also thanked the captain, saying that I 
looked upon him as a friend sent to me from 
Heaven. 

After we had talked a while, the captain told me 
what they had done at the ship. When they 
reached her they found that most of the men 
aboard were asleep. There were only two on 
watch, and they thought that the men in the boats 
were their comrades, so they did not attempt 
to prevent them from going on deck. The two 
watchmen were made prisoners in a moment. 
Then the captain and his men hastened through 
the ship to the places where the others were lying 
asleep, and seized and bound them before they knew 
what had happened. Thus the ship was saved. 

The captain now sent down to the boat for some 
things he had taken with him from the ship for me. 
He brought me a large quantity of good things to 
eat and drink, such things as I had not tasted for 
many years. But what was better, he brought 
me shirts, and shoes and stockings, and a hat, and 
a suit of his own clothes which had been very 
little worn, and which fitted me well. I was very 
glad to get these things, but I felt as awkward 
for a while in my new suit as Friday felt when 
he first put on the clothes I had made for him. 


ROBINSON GOES HOME TO ENGLAND. 


Ill 


We now began to think what we should do with 
the prisoners at the cave. The captain did not like 
to take them back to the ship, for they had been 
very bad men, and he was afraid they would not 
keep their promises to behave well in the future. 
I thought the best thing to do would be to leave 
them on the island. The captain said he would be 
very glad to leave them. ^^Well,” said I, “I will 
talk with them.” So I sent Friday and two of the 
sailors to the cave for the five prisoners. 

When they came I told them their conduct had 
been so bad that the captain could not again trust 
them as sailors on his ship. I said to them that if 
they were taken back to England they would be 
hanged, but that I wished to save their lives, and 
so would set them free if they were willing to 
remain on the island. 

They were very glad of this oifer, and they 
thanked me very much and said they would rather 
stay there than go to England. Then I told them 
the story of my life on the island, and showed them 
how they might be very comfortable and happy on 
it. I showed them my castle, and my cornfields 
and my goat parks and my bower, and told them 
they could have all, as I was going to England on 
the ship. I showed them how I ground my corn 
and baked my bread and dried my grapes. I told 


112 


ROBINSON CRUSOE. 


them about the sixteen Spaniards who might come 
to the island with Friday’s father, and I made them 
promise to treat them well if they came, and tell 
them that I had gone to England. 

Next day I went on board the ship, taking Fri- 
day with me, for he would not think of parting 
from me, and I had become so fond of him that it 
would have grieved me much to leave him behind. 
I carried with me as relics my goat’s-skin cap, my 
umbrella, and my parrot. I also took the money and 
gold bars I had found in the wrecks, for I was now 
going where they would be of some use to me. 

I left the island on the 19th of December, 1686. 
I had been on it twenty-eight years, two months and 
nineteen days. After a long voyage I arrived in 
England on the 11th of June, 1687, having been 
absent thirty-five years. 


Modern Readers for Graded Schools. 


Davis’ Beginner’s Reading Book 
Davis’ Second Reading Book. 

Davis’ Third Reading Book. 

Davis’ Fourth Reading Book. 

These books present the “Thought Method*’ or ‘‘Sentence 
Method ” of teaching reading, and are the only Readers prepared 
especially on that plan. The author is Supt. Eben H. Davis, 
of Chelsea, Mass. 


Natural Science in Simple Stories. 

Holmes* New First Reader. 

Holmes* New Second Reader. 

Holmes* New Third Reader. 

Holmes* New Fourth Reader. 

Holmes’ New Fifth Reader. 

These books are most beautifully illustrated and wonderfully 
attractive. Interesting facts about plant and animal life are 
woven into charming stories, well graded, and so judiciously in- 
terspersed with other reading matter as not to become monotonous. 
As leading Readers, or for supplemental reading, they are 
unsurpassed. 

UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING CO., 

NEW YORK; 

43, 46, 47 East lOth Street. 

NEW ORLEANS: BOSTON: 

7 1 4-7 1 6 Canal Street. 362 WashinsTton Street. 


SUPPLEMENTARY READING 


Standard Literature Series 

Works of standard authors — selections or abridgments^for use in 
schools, with introductory and explanatory notes. Single numbers, in 
stiff paper sides, 64 to 128 pages, 1234 cents; double numbers, 160 to 224 
pages, 20 cents. In cloth, 20 cents and 30 cents. 

No. 1 (Single). THE SPY, - - - - By J. Fenimore Cooper. 

“ 3 (Double). THE PILOT, - - - By J. Fentmore Cooper. 

“ 3 (Single). ROB ROY, - - - - By Sir Walter Scott. 

“ 4(Single). THE ALHAMBRA, - By Washington Irving. 

“ .^(Single). CHRISTMAS STORIES. By Charles Dickens. 

“ 6 (Single). ENOCH ARDEN and Other Poems, 

By Alfred Lord Tennyson. 

“ 7 (Double). KENILWORTH, - - By Sir Walter Scott. 

“ 8 (Double). THE DEERSLAYER, By J. Fenimore Cooper. 

“ 9 (Double). LADY OF THE LAKE, By Sir Walter Scott. 

“ 10 (Double). HORSE-SHOE ROBINSON, By John P. Kennedy. 
“ ll(Single). THE PRISONER OF CHILLON and Other Poems 

By Lord Byron. 

“ 13 (Double). HAROLD, - - - By Sir E. Bulwer-Lytton. 

“ 13(SingIe). GULLIVER’S TRAVELS, By Jonathan Swift. 

“ 14(Single). PAULDOMBEY, - By Charles Dickens. 

“ 15(SingIe). TWICE-TOLD TALES, By Nath’l Hawthorne. 
“ 16(Single). A WONDER-BOOK, - By Nath’l Hawthorne. 
“ 17 (Single). THE SKETCH BOOK, By Washington Irving. 
“ 18 (Double). NINETY-THREE. By Victor Hugo. 

“ 19 (Double). TWO YEARS BEFORE THE MAST, 

By Richard H. Dana, Jr. 
“ 30 (Single). THE SNOW IMAGE, Etc., By Nath’l Hawthorne. 
“ 31 (Single). EVANGELINE, - - By H. W. Longfellow. 

“ 33 (Single). LITTLE NELL, - - By Charles Dickens. 

“ 33(Single). KN ICKERBOCKER STORI ES, By Wash’n Irving. 
“ 34 (Double). IVAN HOE, - - - By Sir Walter Scott. 

“ 35(Single). ROBINSON CRUSOE, By Daniel Defoe. 

“ 36 (Single). POEMS OF KNIGHTLY ADVENTURE, 

By Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, Macaulay, Lowell. 


The Golden-Rod Books 

Contain choice literature for children, graded to supplement First, Second, 
Third, and Fourth Readers. Illustrated. These are the titles; 

I. RHYMES AND FABLES, - - 64 pages, 12 cents. 

II. SONGS AND STORIES, - - - 96 pages, 1 5 cents. 

III. FAIRY LIFE, 128 pages, 20 cents. 

IV. BALLADS AND TALES, - - 160 pages, 25 cents. 

On these and the Standard Literature Series special ' 
discounts to schools and dealers. 


Correspondence is invited. Address 

UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 

43-47 E. Tenth Street, New York. 











r** * 









«M 


JJ* 


bmm1 










4 I 


K»’. w 


>ffi 




:t.' 


'^’ 1 i 


e 


A. 1^ 


>:• 


* % % 




Ci^ . 








'■ •'♦'^'/ . . --E 

rjM ^ . ^HIB 


^ f ' v; ^ • /If /MK'^ cu^ ^ 

*1r4ff' :--‘"'iJ 


• - ..^3, 

-^1" ' 

V. ' •’ * 






• t i 


►♦r t * 

• w> 




>♦ 




ij 


■ '.M 

V.. v 7 » iKMJfl 




„ •.r'-’r ;■'■ . ■ ' v ' • . 4 .. 






•i . « 






* j 




!♦' ' 








4, 




T< 




Ife'-I. . ■ ?'-.'■■ . >.■;&; as a • W 


u*i^' 


L*i — 


5 




• > 


• V 


<-?, V 


y- 


n ..4 


\v 


•. - -.fc* ' * * r , 

, W ' ■ i •’'/*- 

•f' ^ V -.; ■ 

p la* 


-I -fc 








«A* 


f i» 






i 4 


yts 






• > 


tV 




^'» «• 


rr » 


V 


I.-.Z. 


r. 1 


1 1 


4 ,.V 




filJi,' *v 1 * 


« < 




v‘ * 1 KJ •• / 

J - 1ST 4 1. 


Vi. 


JV ' V 


'tT * -- • 








-k 








,t 




. r 


>v. 




tV 


V“ 


’ \r 












I-. •%.' : 


Wi 


*4'^ 








■ti* 


R 


is 4 «n; 


.^v 












U. 




r 


•►« *v 




•b* 4 


»J 6 i' K 




•i -.-yrTc*' • 

:r 




;«.. ' v-"/. 


( 7 \^ 




i 


1 •'• 




7 4 


. ^ 


a 










V 'M 


«• >■ 






far 






I » . . *» 


tf . » 




U 


^4 


r * 




w 


4 


V I/' 


♦ - • 1 \ 

> » 

* *' , * ’ 




,< 


tV‘. 






V/ 


^<r '’■ / •'I 




* 7r 


.- 4. 






•- r 


* • / 


V‘ 


* 4 


‘•V 


■X' 


\ • 


\ ^ 


' A ^ 


U / 






F-*- J 


• > K»1 




S' 


:kv 


ft 


¥»“ i * 


4^' 




I f>i 




ii« 


■> -• 






f v/-: 


. 4 »' 4 v!r 

ru . •: ' 4 ' 'Vj I . ^ •: 


. :« . -V 


'( 


M. 


V* .iFiTll* 


^ • i 


■■vaH, 


isi 




M- ,•-!'■ 


•*A. 


■iW 




»1 ♦« 




• ..Pit .2 










t-'Aj 




* 




•■'I 






'.: ! 









'-/j- ■ 






«i. ' 




^■' ' ' i’V'* 




■ . 


ISS: 

■ \'4 ■- “ 


-'f.. 

• ' 


I .o 




t;/ 




4 > 








y ! •>:;'' ’ 



•' KMW *i!l 

■" •: '4; 




.> - 





'Oit-.y-,.:,. 



. - • . .1 o' 

,...v- ■ 



. ■» 


f ' 


’ V^Vl 


w ;•: 


»i 




)< 




/■,<. 4 i. > 7 ^ 1 ' 




' .S':-'.*- ■ 



B> 




1 


.A'-V 4 ;:^ 


j. 


•» • h 


> 4 I 


<Si 


»»•. 


’ * 




i\ ' ■ *■ ' ‘f ■ 


• pi^ . 

f" 


;;w 






. ■ ' 


■ f 




4..n -A 


* . *1 


r 




i- I 






^ « 


r' 


■ '• ‘‘-Nr 

. • : 4 t 

lVv-j ‘ M 

5i 



.*■ -1 


' 'u/'4 


V ' 


!■ ., 1 .^ 







• ir ‘ .i 








.■.L '4 




















>3 :> 


P' 3 33 


► ■ .\33 


.;)■ '33 : 

> :> ■ 

c? > > 

> > 

^>3 > 

> > 

' 33 3 

> > 

» > 

> > 

>3 > 


>33 3 

z> :> 

>3 > 


>3 J) 


>3 3 - 


^3 3 :5 


33 3 > : 


> > » 3 

> > >> ::?> 

> >> _»■ - 

► ^ i> ::2> 

? ' ,■>> _3S> 

:> >''.x> ::i> • ■ 

-i> i3s> > 

•>"> -3»2> >.. 

> ^ y> 

^ ^ ■» ^ 
‘ j. /' 

^ » > > 

' >. > 
-X>;> > 


^ 3^ 

> 

>J‘3> 

> > 

>>33 

>> ,5 

> ^ 3> 

>> IT 

►^T>3 

.'> , ) ■ 

► '>33 

> 

► ' 33 

> 

(>•33 

> 

r 33 

> 

^ 33 



2» 

>» 


i3> > 

x> > 




33 

■ > . -' 

>3> 

i3> 

> 


3 

.> .. > 

> 3 

3 

> > 

> .3 

» 

3 

>3 

3 

3 ■ » 

>;3> 

3 

3^-''> 

3> 

->3 

> > 



► ,5^ 

756 Tl 


^ > 









^^085b 


